11 - Air and water Flashcards by Chun Rei TAN | Brainscape

Q

What are the chemical tests for water?

A

Turns white anhydrous copper (II) sulfate blue.

Turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink.

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Q

State 2 industrial uses of water.

A

Haber process

Contact process

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Q

What is the composition of dry air?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.9% argon
0.04% carbon dioxide

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Q

How is nitrogen and oxygen extracted from air?

A

Fractional distillation of liquid air.

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Q

What are the forms of rust prevention?

A

Sacrificial protection

Galvanising

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Q

What is galvanising?

A

Iron is coated with a layer of zinc.

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Q

What is sacrificial protection?

A

Zinc is attached to iron.

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Q

Describe the Haber process.

A

Nitrogen from air
Hydrogen from natural gas

N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) ⇌ 2NH₃ (g)

Optimal temperature: Low
Compromise: 450°C

Optimal pressure: High
Compromise: 200 atm

Catalyst: Iron

Remaining nitrogen and hydrogen can be recycled.

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