11. Aggression Flashcards
Behavior intended to harm another individual.
Aggression
Aggressive behavior whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end (also called instrumental aggression).
Proactive aggression
Aggressive behavior where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake (also called emotional aggression).
Reactive aggression
Characterized by having an inflated sense of self-worth and self-love, having low empathy for others, tending to focus on the self rather than others, and being especially sensitive to perceived insults.
Narcissism
Characterized by manipulativeness.
Machiavellianism
Characterized by impulsivity, poor self-control, and a lack of empathy.
Psychopathy
A set of three traits that are associated with higher levels of aggressiveness: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism.
Dark Triad
The cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions.
Executive functioning
Physical force (such as spanking or hitting) intended to cause a child pain, but not injury, for the purpose of controlling or correcting the child’s behavior.
Corporal punishment
The theory that behavior is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of rewards and punishments.
Social learning theory
The transmission of domestic violence across generations.
Cycle of violence
A culture that emphasizes honor and social status, particularly for males, and the role of aggression in protecting that honor.
Culture of honor
The idea that (1) frustration always elicits the motive to aggress and (2) all aggression is caused by frustration.
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Aggressing against a substitute target because aggressive acts against the source of the frustration are inhibited by fear or lack of access.
Displacement
A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression.
Catharsis
