10. Helping Others Flashcards
Actions intended to benefit others.
Prosocial behaviors
Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive.
Kin selection
Any behavior that is designed to increase another person’s welfare, and particularly those actions that do not seem to provide a direct reward to the person who performs them.
Altruism
Altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return.
Reciprocal altruism
A kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone becomes more likely to receive help from someone else.
Indirect reciprocity
Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual’s perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual.
Empathy
The proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness.
Negative state relief model
Motivated by the desire to improve one’s own welfare.
Egoistic
Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare.
Altruistic
The proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping.
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
The effect whereby the presence of others inhibit helping.
Bystander effect
The state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are different from those of the others in the group.
Pluralistic ignorance
The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need.
Diffusion of responsibility
Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers.
Audience inhibition
Altruistic kinds of behavior that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence.
Reluctant altruism
