11/23 Flashcards
Emotion
A subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive cognition, behaviors, and physiological changes.
Subjective and very important part of our lives.
Brian self-stimulation
The process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding.
Medial Forebrain Bundle
A collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain.
Nucleus Accumbens
A region of the forebrain that receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area, often associated with reward and pleasurable sensations.
Decorticate Rage
Also called sham rage. Sudden intense rage characterized by actions (such as snarling and biting in dogs) that lack clear direction.
Lymbic System
Nuclei implicated in emotion
Cingulate Cortex, Basal forebrain nuclei, Mammillary Body, Amygdala, Hippocampus
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
A condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety.
- compleetly dosile, loss of fear, removal of temporal lobe (contains amigdala) or stroke damage
Fear Conditioning
A form of classical conditioning in which a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unpleasant stimulus, like foot shock, until the previously neutral stimulus alone elicits the responses seen in fear.
Important in PTSD
Emotion is a
private, subjective feeling that we may have without anyone else being aware of it
Emotional is
used to describe many behaviors that people show
during strong emotion
we often experience physiological changes
The relationship between emotion and physiological arousal is
more subtle than common sence sujects
The James-Lange theory
the emotions we experience are caused by the bodily changes.
we experience fear because we perceive the activity that dangerous conditions trigger in our body
attempts to link specific emotions to specific bodily responses.
__ tend to be accompanied by sympathetic activation
Fear, surprise, and anger
__ tend to be accompanied by parasympathetic activation
joy and sadness
Cannon-Bard theory
it is the brain’s job to decide which particular emotion is an appropriate response to the stimuli
the cerebral cortex simultaneously decides on the appropriate emotional experience and activates the autonomic nervous system to appropriately prepare the body
Main take away from SM paper
CO2 might engage interoceptive afferent sensory pathways that project to the brainstem, diencephalon and insular cortex.
Air Hunger
the conscious appreciation of an uncomfortable urge to breathe
Animal models for fear
Are difficult to use
Eight primary human emotions
Fear, Anger, Suprise, Expectation, Sadness, Happiness, Disgust, Affection
Sadness (Name Pair)
Happiness
Disgust (Name Pair)
Affection
Anger (Name Pair)
Fear
Expectation (Name Pair)
Suprise
Accuacy of Lie Detector
65% at most
Lie Detector Test Principle
Fear of being caught/guilty activates ANS, track those responses
Lie Detector test Responses tracked
EDR (Sweating), Heart Rate, Resoratiry
Areas (on fMRI) more active when dishonest/lie
Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPC) Amygdala, Striatum
Shatner + Stinger Experement
Injected with epinephrine and put in room with confederate (actor) either angry or happy, those who were told they were given epinephrine and the effects did not report any emotion, those who were not told did report emotion same as confederate.
Main effect on ANS in emotional expereence
intensifies it because its feedback influnces the perception of emotion
Missatrabution (video)
More phsylogicaly aroused, more likely to call/ think attracted to
Schacter’s Theory
Perception actvates ANS and activates contextual interpertation of emotion experenced
ANS influnces the interperation
Interpertation influences the perception
Eight common facial expressions
NOT same as eight core emotions
Affection and expectation replaced contempt and embarsement
Facial expression and emotion expressed
relativly similar across cultures
Literacy may be important (because it allows for sharing of information and reinforces perception)
Facial mussles on non-human primates
very similar to human
Two catagories of facial muscles
superfical and deep
Superficial Facial Muscles
attach between different points on facial skin
Innervated by the facial nerve (VII)
Deep Facial Muscles
attach to bone and produce larger scale movements
Innervated by trigeminal nerve (V)
Fear
a program through natual selection for dealing with a situation
shifts perception, attantion, cognition, and action
most understood emotion
Facial Feedback Theory
sensory feeback from facial expressions can affect our mood (consitatnt with James-Lange theory)
High Road
Thalamus than sensory cortex & hippocampus, than to amygdala
emotional memory
Low road
thalamus to amygdala
rapid response
Urbach - Wiethe Syndrome
autosomal recessive mutation in extracellular matrix gene
dermatological changes
calsafaction and destruction of amygdala on both hemispheres
without fear (NOT emotionless)
Appetitive learning
conditoned positve emotional response to attractive simuli
Capgras delusion
peole beleve their significant other has been replace by impostors
Alexithymia
imparments in emotional awarness
assocated with dysfunction of the insula
Love, compaired with friendship, caused
increased activity in insula and anterior singulate cortex
decreased activity in posterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices
Contomplating romatic partners causes
the amygdala to reduce activity
POMP
percent of max possible score
Amydala
Fear and anxious
Hippocampus
Memory
Parahippocampal Gyrus
memory
Cingulate Cortex
Various emotions and memory
Septial Nuclei
Peasure, reward, reinforcement
Mammilary Body
two groups of Nuclie
memory (connect with amygdala and hippocampus)
Fornix
info from hippocampus to mammilary body then to hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Systemic Response
