1.1 + 2.1 +2.2

Question 1

What does MRS C GREN stand for?

Answer 1

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Control
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

What are all living organisms composed of?

Answer 2

All living organisms are composed of cells

Question 3

What do we call single cell organisms?

Answer 3

Unicellular organisms

Question 4

What types of cells are animal and plant cells?

Answer 4

they are both multicellular organisms

Question 5

What are specialized cells?

Answer 5

They are cells that are specialized to carry out a specific function.

Question 6

What are the small structures inside cells?

Answer 6

organelles

Question 7

Examples of single-celled organisms

Answer 7

bacteria, yeast

Question 8

Functions and definition of a cell membrane

Answer 8

• forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the outside of the cell.
• it controls what enters and exits the cell
• it is partially permeable

Question 9

What does partially permeable mean?

Answer 9

allows the passage of some but not others

Question 10

Functions and definition of ribosomes

Answer 10

• they are very small particles found in the cytoplasm
• make protein
• determined by genes in the nucleus

Question 11

Functions and definition of a cell wall

Answer 11

• non-living
• freely permeable
• protects and keeps the shape of the cell

Question 12

what does freely permeable mean?

Answer 12

allows all substances in

Question 13

Functions and definition of the nucleus

Answer 13

• contains the genetic information of the cell (in the form of chromosomes)
• determines what the cell makes
• controls the cell’s activities

Question 14

what are chromosomes?

Answer 14

a thread-like structure of DNA

Question 15

what are genes?

Answer 15

the basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 16

Functions and definition of the cytoplasm

Answer 16

• watery, jelly-like liquid
• contains the organelles and enzymes
• chemical reactions take place here

Question 17

what are enzymes

Answer 17

proteins that speed up metabolism

Question 18

Functions and definition of mitochondria

Answer 18

• carry out the reactions of aerobic respiration
• release energy for the cell

Question 19

Functions and definition of chloroplasts

Answer 19

• absorbs light and energy to make food during photosynthesis
  -contains chlorophyll

Question 20

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 20

• a green pigment found in plant cells

Question 21

Functions and definition of a vacuole

Answer 21

-filled with cell sap
- stores dissolved sugars, minerals, ions, and water
- helps keep the cell’s shape

Question 22

differences of plant and animal cells

Answer 22

animal cells have 5 structures and plant cells have 8

Question 23

what are red blood cells?

Answer 23

• transport oxygen around the body
• no nucleus

Question 24

what are guard cells?

Answer 24

• controls opening and closing of stomata (in plants)

Question 25

what are nerve cells?

Answer 25

• carries electrical impulses around the body
• carrie messages which is why they are long

Question 26

what are root hair cells?

Answer 26

• absorbs minerals and water from soil
• has large surface area and a thin cell wall
• has no chloroplast (unlike other plant cells)

Question 27

what is cell differentiation?

Answer 27

the process by which a cell changes to become specialized

Question 28

what are stem cells?

Answer 28

they are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to become specialized

Question 29

how can someone get lots of stem cells?

Answer 29

from early human embryos

Question 30

Can stem cells be used in medicine or research?

Answer 30

Yes. Stem cells can be cloned in a lab and
made to differentiate into specialised
cells to be used in medicine or research.

Question 31

what happens to stem cells in stem cell therapy?

Answer 31

In stem cell therapy, stem cells have been
injected into damaged tissues to repair
them such as the retina in the eye or
heart muscle.

Question 32

specialized cells are made through a process called?

Answer 32

differentiation

Question 33

most multicellular organisms have ?

Answer 33

specialized cells

Question 34

definition of magnification

Answer 34

the process of enlarging the physical appearance / image of something

Question 35

What is the formula for magnification?

Answer 35

Magnification = image size / actual size

Question 36

Formula for total magnification?

Answer 36

multiply magnification of the two lenses together

Question 37

units are changed by either?

Answer 37

multiply or dividing by 1000

Question 38

what are scale bars used for?

Answer 38

to show the real length of the magnified images

Question 39

what do cells need?

Answer 39

oxygen, water, hormones, urea, carbon dioxide, amino acids, glucose

Question 40

when does diffusion happen?

Answer 40

when a substance is more concentrated in one place than another

Question 41

difference in concentration is called?

Answer 41

a concentration gradient

Question 42

what are factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 42

temperature, distance, concentration gradient, surface area to volume ratio

Question 43

what else can effect the rate of diffusion? (distance)

Answer 43

-Rate of diffusion is also
dependent on the distance
the particles have to travel.

-The shorter the distance the
faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 44

when will diffusion happen faster? high concentration gradient or low?

Answer 44

high concentration

Question 45

diffusion and surface area to volume ratio

Answer 45

the larger the surface area to volume ratio is, the faster the diffusion

Question 46

what is osmosis?

Answer 46

when water moves from a dilute solution to a. more concentrated one across a partially permeable cell membrane

Question 47

how to calculate the percentage change in mass?

Answer 47

percentage change in mass = change mass/original mass times 100

Question 48

what is active transport?

Answer 48

when a cell needs to take in a substance against a concentration gradient.