11-20 Flashcards
Common image of a nurse, serene and content, shown with halo and other religious symbols.
Angel of mercy
treated ill with mixture of physical care, prayer, and magical spells
Priests and priestesses
most ancient books of the Hindu Faith, provide a detailed description of Indian Healthcare Practices, and distinct nursing occupation.
Vedas
physician, surgeon team, details the roles of the physician, drugs and patient
Characa and Samhita
They indicated that nurses of that period were always male and part of the priestly order
Characa and Samhita
the oldest continuously existing hospital in the US, early Christian Hospital in the 1st century, where all training programs for nurses were affiliated with religious orders until well after the Civil war.
Hotel Dieu in Lyons, France
Depicts the nurse as a woman assisting a male physician at the bedside of a patient.
Handmaiden
Physician in a dominant role, nurse awaiting in anticipation for the physician’s orders or supporting the patient while physician provides car
Handmaiden
The values of service and devotion were lost when, from the 14th-16th century (Renaissance period), the influence of Christianity faded.
Battle-ax
personifies the contemporary image of the nurse as the battle-ax or torturer, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Nurse Ratched
personified the view of nurses that people held at that time - she was corrupt, harsh, and frequently intoxicated.
Sairy Gamp
Municipal authorities took over hospitals, and criminals, sentenced to care for the sick in the hospitals in lieu of going to jail, assumed the nursing role.
Battle-ax, Renaissance period
he sexy, risque nurse was an image that arose in the early part of the 20th century with burlesque shows and persists in popular culture today.
Naughty nurse
Nursing imagery is often military, nurses, throughout the century, were frequently portrayed in uniform providing support at the battlefield.
Military battlefield caregiver
her contributions in public health and epidemiology (study of distribution and origins of disease) were among the first in such efforts.
Florence Nightingale
year when Nightingale stated that air, lighting, nutrition, and adequate ventilation and space assist the patient to recuperate.
1853
founded the Henry Street Settlement
Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster 1893
To be safe providers of care, nurses must carefully consider their actions, in reality a substantial portion of the nursing role involves thinking.
Full-spectrum nurse
(thinking skill)
observing, comparing, contrasting, evaluating client condition
clinical judgment
(thinking skill)
collecting and analyzing information and carefully considering options for action.
critical thinking, reflecting thinking
(thinking skill)
considering an issue and attempting to find a satisfactory solution
problem-solving
diseases and their causes and treatments were shrouded with mysticism and superstitions.
Early beliefs and practices
→ early Filipinos subscribed to superstition beliefs and practices in relation to health and sickness.
Early care of the sick
herbmen who practiced witchcraft, persons suffering from diseases without any identified cause were believed to be bewitched by the “mangkukulam” or “mangangaway”.
Herbicheros
difficult childbirth and some diseases were attributed to “nonos”, the midwife assisted in childbirth
Pamao
what sy did velez college open
1952-1953
consultant of velez college in 1952
Ramona Cabrera
School of Nursing (Velez) was founded in 1952 by
Mrs. Epifania Mendoza Velez
Mrs. Epifania Mendoza Velez’s husband
Dr. Jacinto Velez Sr.
Fields of Nursing
Provides direct patient contact and close nurse-patient relationships. The nurse remains at bedside and gives individualized care required by the patient.
Private Duty Nursing
Fields of Nursing
The nurse may choose case and shift which can be 8 hrs-12 hrs a shift.
Private Duty Nursing
Fields of Nursing
requires the knowledge of food preparation, food handling, understanding of psychological problems like homesickness, enuresis, sleeping disorders, care for injuries which require first aid and orthopedic problems.
Camp Nursing
Fields of Nursing
Needed during summer months and during school vacations requiring day duty-subject to call in the evening up to early morning.
Camp Nursing
Fields of Nursing
Nursing practice in industry, commercial and government agencies where health care for employees are provided.
Occupational Health Nursing / Industrial Nursing
Fields of Nursing
May work day, afternoon, and night shifts as care for the employees are needed.
Occupational Health Nursing / Industrial Nursing
serves the citizens of geographically distinct areas.
Public Health Nursing / Community Health Nursing
Fields of Nursing
Usually day duty or subject to call
Public Health Nursing / Community Health Nursing
Fields of Nursing
Health care includes general services such as medical, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics
Hospital Nursing
Fields of Nursing
Duties include giving direct nursing care, assessing the patient’s condition, carrying out physician’s orders, providing health education to patients, documenting care, managing delivery services of a unit/s.
Hospital Nursing
Navy, Army, Airforce Nursing
Military Nursing
The Nurse Corps was created as a component of the __
Medical Services of the Commonwealth Act No. 385.
(when) the Office of the Chief Nurse, AFP was activated as a technical staff of the General Headquarters.
Jun 21, 1973
Fields of Nursing
The nurse provides service at all levels of educational institution i.e. from kindergarten to college
School Health Nursing
Fields of Nursing
major function is prevention of disease through health education.
School Health Nursing
concerned with the promotion and maintenance of health and with the prevention of disease and injury rather than cure and treatment.
Aerospace Nursing
Her coworkers are physicians, veterinarians, physiologists, bioenvironmental engineers and their respective technicians
Aerospace Nursing
Takes health histories, does physical exams, conducts screening tests, gives nursing care to patient in their homes and assist patient in the prevention of illness
Independent Nurse Practitioner
Nurses socialized to be professional leaders and critical thinkers; motivated to learn and to teach others. They contributed immensely to the improvement of basic nursing practice throughout the country.
Clinical Nurse Specialist
→ any means of exchanging information or feelings between two or more people
COMMUNICATION
A basic component of human relationships, including nursing
COMMUNICATION
Main Purposes of Communication
- Influence others
- Obtain information
Levels of Communication
→ self-talk; can be positive or negative.
Intrapersonal
Levels of Communication
between two or more people.
Interpersonal
Levels of Communication
with many people at the same time
Group
Two way process involving the sending and receiving of a message.
Communication Process
4 components of communication process
- sender
- message
3.receiver - response
Person or group of persons who wishes to convey a message to another
SENDER
Considered as the source-encoder.
SENDER
idea or reason for communicating
Source
involves the selection of specific signs/symbols to transmit the message, such as which language or words to use, how to arrange the words and what tone of voice or gestures to use.
Encoding
What is actually said or written.
MESSAGE
The body language that accompanies the words and how the message is transmitted.
MESSAGE
Must listen, observe, and attend.
RECEIVER
The decoder.
RECEIVER
→ meaning of the decoded message matches the intent of the receiver.
Effective communication
→ occurs when the message is misinterpreted by the receiver.
Ineffective communication
Modes of Communication
- Verbal Communication
- Non-verbal Communication
- Electronic Communication
uses spoken or written words.
Verbal Communication
The manner of speech will modify the feeling and impact of the message.
Pace and Intonation
can express enthusiasm, sadness, anger or amusement
Intonation
may indicate interest, anxiety, boredom or fear.
pace of speech
Use of commonly understood words, brevity, and completeness. Nurses need to l
Simplicity
Direct and simple message will be more effective.
Clarity and Brevity
saying precisely what is meant.
Clarity
using the fewest words necessary
Brevity
Spoken messages need to be altered in accordance with behavioral cues from the client.
Adaptability
Means worthiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability
Credibility
Can be a positive and powerful tool in the nurse client relationship, but it must be used with care.
Humor
needs to be appropriate to ensure the words are heard.
Timing
messages need to relate to the person or to the person’s interests and concerns
Relevance
sometimes called body language; includes gestures, body movements, use of touch and physical appearance including adornment; often tells others more about what a person is feeling that what is actually said
Non-verbal Communication
considerations of non-verbal communication
- Personal Appearance
- posture and gait
*facial expression - gestures
Choice of apparel may convey social and financial status, culture, religion, group association, and self-concept.
Personal Appearance
The ways people walk and carry themselves
Posture and Gait
suggest a feeling of well-being.
Erect posture and an active purposeful
stride
suggest depression or physical
discomfort.
Slouched posture, and a slow shuffling
gait
suggest anxiety or anger.
Tense posture and a rapid, determined
gait
→ acknowledges recognition of the other person and a willingness to maintain communication
Eye contact
Hand and body gestures may emphasize and clarify the spoken word, or they may occur without words to indicate a particular feeling or give a sign
Gestures
Most common form of electronic information
Factors Influencing the Communication Process
Development
Gender
values and perceptions
personal space
Territoriality
Roles and Relationships
Environment
congruence
Interpersonal Attitudes
Boundaries
Language, psychosocial and intellectual development move through stages across the lifespan.
Development
Girls tend to use language to seek confirmation, minimize difference and establish intimacy.
Boys use language to establish independence and negotiate status within the group.
Gender
→ standards that influence behavior
Values
→ personal view of an event.
Perceptions
Distance people prefer in interacting with other persons.
Personal Space
study of distance between people in their interactions
Personal Space
4 distances
intimate distance
personal distance
social distance
public distance
4 distances
intimate distance
personal distance
social distance
public distance
intimate distance
touching to 1 1/2 ft
personal distance
1 1/2 ft - 4 ft
Characterized by a clear visual perception of the whole person, body heat are imperceptible, eye contact is increased and vocalizations are loud enough to be overheard by others
social distance
More formal and limited to seeing and hearing.
social distance
Requires loud, clear vocalizations with careful enunciation.
public distance
Individuality is lost, instead, the perception is of the group or the community
public distance
Concept of the space and things that an individual considers as belonging to the self.
territoriality
the verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match
Congruence
Limits of individuals, objects, or relationships
Boundaries
Attitudes convey beliefs, thoughts and feelings about people and events.
Interpersonal Attitudes
is an attitude that emphasizes the other person’s worth and individuality.
Respect
emphasizes neither approval nor
disapproval; the nurse willingly receives the client’s
honest feelings.
Acceptance
Aylott (2011) encourages the:
P → pause and process
C → choices
A → act accountably
Promotes understanding and helps establish a constructive relationship between the nurse and the client.
Always client-centered and goal-directed.
Therapeutic Communication
Listening actively with mindfulness, using all the sense, paying attention
Attentive Listening
Egan (1998) outlines 5 specific ways to convey physical attending:
- face the person squarely
- adopt an open posture
- lean
- maintain good eye contact
try to be relatively relaxed
