11/2/2018 Flashcards
Interstitial cells of Cajal are associated with what tumors?
GIST tumors
stain CD34 and ckit positive
Enterochromaffin-like cells are associated with what tumors?
= Kulchitsky cells = reside in crypts of Lieberkuhn
amine precursor uptake & decarboxylation
carcinoid tumors
What medical therapy can treat symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
somatostatin analogue
Esp. effective in refractory hypotension in pt with carcinoid syndrome
Neuroectoderm cells are associated with what tumors?
adrenal medulla - pheochromocytomas
Pancreatic islet cells are associated with what tumors?
neuroendocrine tumors
Where are Kupffer cells and what do they do?
reside in hepatic sinusoids – macrophages of the liver
What’s a muscle relaxant that can be reversed?
non-depolarizing neuromuscular agents
sugammadex for rocuronium
neostigmine - cholinesterase inhibitor - for others
During times of stress what two amino acids become conditionally essential?
Glutamine and Arginine.
Especially glutamine though.
estimate of lifetime recurrence after a primary, spontaneous pneumothorax without operative management?
The risk of recurrence after a first episode of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax managed without surgery is 50% to 60%.
What is the effect of early enteral nutrition in patients undergoing open abdominal therapy?
Patients undergoing damage control laparotomy have significantly LOWER RATES OF PNEUMONIA when enteral nutrition is started prior to 36 hours.
Bevacizumab, what is it and what is it used for?
an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody commonly used for colorectal cancer.
Sorafenib, what is it and what is it used for?
a multikinase inhibitor commonly used for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pembrolizumab, what is it and what is it used for?
a monoclonal antibody against PD1. Although it has supplanted ipilimumab as first-line therapy for metastatic melanoma, it has not yet been approved in the adjuvant setting.
Nivolumab is another monoclonal antibody targeting PD1.
Ipilimumab, what is it and what is it used for?
a monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4, which is a costimulatory molecule involved in antigen presentation and immune checkpoint blockade. Adjuvant therapy for metastatic melanoma.
