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Review Cards > 10/20/2018 > Flashcards

10/20/2018 Flashcards

1
Q

TIPS shunt stenosis / thrombosis rates in the first year

A

50%

Tx by balloon dilation of shunt or place a second shunt

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2
Q

What keep Ductus Arteriosus open after birth?

A

Prostaglandins (PGE1)

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3
Q

Gold standard imaging for Choledochal cysts

A

MRCP

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4
Q

Type 1 Choledochal cyst and treatment?

A

MOST common choledochal cyst.
fusiform dilation of whole CBD
Tx: resection and hepaticojejunostomy

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5
Q

Type 2 Choledochal cyst and treatment?

A

true diverticulum

Tx: resection and primary repair, possible hepaticojejunostomy

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6
Q

Type 3 Choledochal cyst and treatment?

A

cyst in distal CBD (normal duodenal mucosa)

Tx: local resection or marsupialization

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7
Q

Type 4 Choledochal cyst and treatment?

A

multiple cysts intra and extra hepatic

Tx: resection, possible lobectomy, possible Txp

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8
Q

Type 5 Choledochal cyst and treatment?

A

Caroli’s disease, intrahepatic cysts and hepatic fibrosis (maybe assoc. with medullary sponge kidney)
Tx: resection, possible lobectomy, possible Txp

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9
Q

H. Pylori binds what cells in the stomach?

A

Can only bind cells that have undergone metaplasia

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10
Q

Greatest risk factor for developing gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

H. Pylori

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11
Q

Treatment for H. Pylori?

A

PPI (blocks H+/K+ ATPase pump) and BAM/BAT
Bismuth salts, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole/Tetracycline
Follow-up breath test

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12
Q

Tx for low grade gastric MALT lymphomas?

A

Antibiotics, treat the H. Pylori

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13
Q

Tx for high grade gastric MALT lymphomas?

A

Chemo and radiation

only surgery if perforation or uncontrolled bleeding

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14
Q

Gardner’s Syndrome

A

Colon cancers

GI polyposis, osteomas, epidermal cysts

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15
Q

Sebaceous cyst pathophysiology? Filled with?

A

implantation of epidermal components into the dermis.

They are filled with keratin.

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16
Q

Preferred grafts for CABG?

A

Internal thoracic artery preferred over other grafts.
Left ITA - LAD (left to left)
Right ITA - RCA, PDA, or branches of LCA

17
Q

copper deficiency Sx’s?

A

Pancytopenia, skin pigmentation changes, arrhythmia

18
Q

Selenium deficiency sx’s?

A

cardiomyopathy, weakness, growth retardation

19
Q

Chromium deficiency sx’s?

A

hyperglycemia, confusion, neuropathy

20
Q

Niacin deficiency sx’s?

A

Pellagra - 3D’s - Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

21
Q

Which pancreatic enzymes are secreted in their active form? (list 3)

A

Amylase, ribonuclease, lipase

lipase technically active by still needs Co-lipase to function properly

22
Q

Seminoma characteristics and Tx?

A

MC testicular tumor. NO AFP elevation.
Tx: All get orchiectomy and XRT. Chemo if mets.
(VERY sensitive to radiation)

23
Q

Non-seminomatous characteristics and Tx?

A

(Embryonal, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac)
Yes to AFP elevation.
Tx: All get orchiectomy and retroperitoneal dissection. Stage 2 or more get chemo.

(Teratomas more likely to metastasize and not respond to chemo)

24
Q

Vinyl chloride is a risk factor for what?

A

Angiosarcoma

25
Q

Inhibin is a tumor marker for what cancers?

A

Epithelial stromal tumors such as:
sex cord stromal tumors - Granulosa cell and Sertoli-Leydig cell
mucinous and endometrial cancers

26
Q

What is the most potent stimulator of pancreatic enzyme secretion?

A

CCK

27
Q

What is the most potent stimulator of bicarb secretion from pancreas?

A

Secretin

28
Q

What is the most potent stimulator of bile secretion?

A

Secretin

29
Q

Most common location of small bowel lymphomas?

A

ileum

due to higher amount of lymphoid tissue here versus other parts of small bowel

30
Q

Symptoms of Beri-Beri

A

(Thiamine deficiency)

anion gap metabolic acidosis, AMS, hyperbilirubinemia, diabetes insipidus, and thrombocytopenia

Review Cards (21 decks)

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