11/13 Anatomy of Pharynx Flashcards
what is the pharynx a common passage for?
Oxygen in, CO2 out, food down (or vomit up)
what are the divisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx (behind the nasal cavity), Oropharynx ( behind the toungue), Laryngopharnxy (by the larynx)
waht is the nasopharynx (describe)
from the nasal cavity to the uvula, General Sensory innervation from V-2 (and a little from CN9). It contains the Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), the opening of the auditory tube, with the torus tubarus (cartilage around the tube), and the salpingopharyneus muscle (tube muscle of the pharyneal)
what are the pharyngeal tonsils
un-encampsulated lymphoid tissues, has clefts to trap the antigens and hopefully get immune response to them.
waht is the oropharnx
soft palate to the esophagus innervate by CN 9. Contain the palatine tonsil.
Describe the Laryngeal pharynx
innervated by CN 10 common passage for air and food
what are the muscles that are around the back of the pharynx?
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
what two muscles surround the palatine tonsils
palatal glossal, palatal pharyngeal muscles
the location of the superior pharyngeal constrictor
region of the nasal cavaty
the location of the middle pharyngeal constrictor
reagion of the oral cavity
the location of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
region of the larynx
what innervates the pharynx muscles?
Vegus nerve CN 10
the pharynx muscle purpose
help control the diameter of the pharynx
what happens when you swallow
bolus of food in the mouth is against the soft palate, moved to back of throat while the soft palate moves up to close off the nasal cavity and the epiglotis moves down to close off the laryngeal opening. then parastallis contraction of the esophageal muscle will move the bolus down the esophagus
how does the sensory innervation change as you move down the pharynx?
It starts as GS in V-2, and then GS from IX, then goes to GS from X. As you continue down the esophagus, it will then transition to VS from X! so there is a transition from GS to VS!
What are the three cartilages f the laryngeal skeleton?
the Thyroid, Cricoid, and Arytenoid cartilages.
The elastic cartilage structure off of the hyoid bone.
the epiglottis
thyroid cartilage (describe)
hylan cartilage, join the hyoid bone via the thyrohoid membrane, dense colaginous connective tissue, and below the cricothyroid joint
The joint of the Thyroid cartilage and the Cricoid cartilage
Cricothyroid joint
the cricothyroid joints acts to….
gives tension or slack to the vocal chords
protuberance of the thyroid cartilage in the neck
adam’s apple
only circular cartilage in the laryngeal skeleton
cricoid cartilage
describe the cricoid cartilage
forms a Signet ring that is thick in the back and thin in the front, below the thyroid cartilage.
Describe the Arytenoid cartilage
Musclular process and vocal process. with the vocal ligaments go from anterior of the cartilage to the thyroid cartilage. In the posterior is the musclar process
synovial joint between cartilage that allows the abduction and adduction of the vocal chords
the cricoarytenoid joint
Muscle that would pull on the cricoarytoenoid joint to adduct the vocal chords
lateral cricoarytenoid muscles…would swing the muscular process outward (abduct) and this would then lever the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage inward to cause adduction of the vocal chords.
Muscel that would pull on the cricoartoenoid joint to abduct the vocal chords
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles pull on the muscular process inward to adduct the the arytenoid cartilage muscular process, and this would in turn abduct the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage and abduct the vocal cartilage.
Synovial joint between cartilage of the thyroid and crico type!
cricothyroid joint
the muscle that acts on the cricothyroid joint
cricothyrodeus muscle
how does the cricothyrodeus muscle act on the cricothyroid joint?
it pulls on the thyroid cartilage anteriorly to increase tension in vocal ligaments
the nerve to innervate the cricothyroideus muscle
sup. laryngeal n. (CN X)
What are the muscles that act to adduct, abduct, tense or lossen the vocal folds, and thus change the pitch
Laryngeal Joints (act bilaterally)
what nerve innervates the laryngeal muscles
the recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X) with exception of the crycothyroideus muscle of course!
Two branches of the Superior Lryngeal Nerve
the External laryngeal n (BM-circothyroideus m.) and the Internl laryngeal n. (GS-above vocal chords)
The innervation of the External laryngeal nerve….
cricothyroideus muscle and parts of the laryngeal constricters. pulls the thyroid forward.
Internal laryngeal nerve innervation….
goes through the thyroihyoid membrane to the superior portion of the vocal chords to cause you to caugh if you swallow down the wrong tube
The innervation given by the Recurrent laryngeal n.
BM. to laryngeal mm (except the cricothyroideus) and VS below vocal chords!
What nerves innervate the gag-relfex
Nerves CN IX gets the sensory and the CN X motor innervates the pharynx muscles.
how is The baroreceptor reflex innervated
Sensory: CN IX and X sense change in BP (carotid sinus) and CO2/O2 levels (carotid body). that is relayed to the CNS processing: CN IX, and X to the Medulla. Motor output: Heart rate is increased or decreased (CN X (parasympathetics)/Symp).
what is anhydrosis?
Sweating on the face.
what is Ageusia?
can’t taste
what is aphasia
Difficulty speaking due to higher level brain function
What is dysphagia
difficulty swallowing.
what muscle will lift the soft palate?
“insy wincy teeny weeny” levato veli palatini muscle (CN X)
what are the connections of the vocal ligaments
The Arytenoid cartilage posterior and the thyroid cartilage anterior.
