1.1 - 10-15 Flashcards
What is formula for sulphuric acid?
H₂SO₄
Definition of an acid.
A species that is a proton donor.
What is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO₃
What happens when an acid is added to water?
It releases H+ ions (protons) into solution.
What is a base?
A species that is a proton acceptor. They neutralise acids.
What is an alkali?
A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions (OH-).
What is the formula for the alkali, sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
What is the formula for the alkali, potassium hydroxide?
KOH
What is a salt?
Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.
General formula for the formation of a salt from a carbonate.
Acid + carbonate → salt + CO₂ + H₂O
General formula for the formation of a salt from a base.
Acid + base → Salt + water
General formula for the formation of salt from an alkali.
Acid + alkali → Salt + water
Hydrated
Refers to a crystalline compound containing water molecules.
Anhydrous
Refers to a substance that contains no water molecules.
What is water of crystallisation?
Refers to water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound.
What indicators are used for titration?
Methyl orange - orange when neutral.
Bromothymol blue - green when neutral.
Phenolphthalein - pink to colourless.
What is an oxidation number?
A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element.
What is oxidation number of an uncombined element?
0
What is the oxidation number of combined oxygen?
-2
What is the oxidation number of combined hydrogen?
+1
What is the oxidation number of a simple ion?
The charge on that ion.
What is the oxidation number of combined fluorine?
-1
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons.
An increase in oxidation number.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons.
Decrease in oxidation number.
What is redox reaction?
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place.
Reducing agent?
A reagent that reduces another species.
Oxidising agent?
A reagent that oxidises another species.
