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Chemistry > 1.1 - 10-15 > Flashcards

1.1 - 10-15 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H₂SO₄

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1
Q

Definition of an acid.

A

A species that is a proton donor.

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2
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

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3
Q

What happens when an acid is added to water?

A

It releases H+ ions (protons) into solution.

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4
Q

What is a base?

A

A species that is a proton acceptor. They neutralise acids.

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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions (OH-).

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6
Q

What is the formula for the alkali, sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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7
Q

What is the formula for the alkali, potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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8
Q

What is a salt?

A

Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion.

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9
Q

General formula for the formation of a salt from a carbonate.

A

Acid + carbonate → salt + CO₂ + H₂O

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10
Q

General formula for the formation of a salt from a base.

A

Acid + base → Salt + water

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11
Q

General formula for the formation of salt from an alkali.

A

Acid + alkali → Salt + water

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12
Q

Hydrated

A

Refers to a crystalline compound containing water molecules.

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13
Q

Anhydrous

A

Refers to a substance that contains no water molecules.

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14
Q

What is water of crystallisation?

A

Refers to water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound.

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15
Q

What indicators are used for titration?

A

Methyl orange - orange when neutral.
Bromothymol blue - green when neutral.
Phenolphthalein - pink to colourless.

16
Q

What is an oxidation number?

A

A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element.

17
Q

What is oxidation number of an uncombined element?

A

0

18
Q

What is the oxidation number of combined oxygen?

A

-2

19
Q

What is the oxidation number of combined hydrogen?

A

+1

20
Q

What is the oxidation number of a simple ion?

A

The charge on that ion.

21
Q

What is the oxidation number of combined fluorine?

A

-1

22
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electrons.

An increase in oxidation number.

23
Q

What is reduction?

A

Gain of electrons.

Decrease in oxidation number.

24
Q

What is redox reaction?

A

A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place.

25
Q

Reducing agent?

A

A reagent that reduces another species.

26
Q

Oxidising agent?

A

A reagent that oxidises another species.

Chemistry (14 decks)

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