10th Grade, 4th Quarter: All Lessons [EDITED] Flashcards
1
Q
These is a system of sex organs within an organism that work together for sexual reproduction.
A
Reproductive System
2
Q
The process wherein living things produce new individuals of the same kind.
A
Reproduction
3
Q
What are the different parts of the Male Reproductive System?
A
Bladder
Urethra
Penis
Seminal Vesicle
Prostate Gland
Vas Deferense
Epididymis
Testicle
Scrotum
3
Q
What is the male reproductive system’s function?
A
Produce androgens such as testosterone that maintain male reproductive function and promote spermatogenesis and transport into the female reproductive system for fertilization.
4
Q
The tube that passes through the penis to the outside of the body, which carries urine and sperm.
A
Urethra
5
Q
A soft, tubular organ that hangs in front of the body and is the external sexual organ of the male through which the sperm are delivered into the female’s body.
A
Penis
6
Q
What is an erectile tissue?
A
The penis becomes larger and stiffer due to increase flow of blood during ejaculation.
7
Q
A pouch of skin that hangs behind the penis, houses the testes and protects the sperm.
A
Scrotum
8
Q
How does the Scrotum help in the survival of Sperms?
A
By keeping the temperature of the testes slightly lower than the normal body temperature
9
Q
What is he male sex hormone that the testes produce?
A
Testosterone
9
Q
These are made up of coiled tubules in which the sperm are produced.
A
Testicles (or Testes)
10
Q
What is Testosterone for?
A
The production of sperm.
11
Q
This is responsible for male characteristics such as the growth of facial and body hair, broadening of chest and shoulders, and deepening of voice.
A
Testosterone
12
Q
The testes contain around how many compartments?
A
250 Compartments
13
Q
These compartments within the Testes contain many highly coiled called?
A
Seminiferous Tubules
14
Q
A coiled J-shaped tube is located on the back of each testicle.
A
Epididymis
14
Q
How long does it take for a Sperm to pass through the 6m-long tubules of each epididymis of a human male?
A
20 days
15
Q
The tube that receives sperm from the epididymis of each testicle.
A
Vas Deferens
16
Q
What is the Prostate Gland’s main function?
A
To secrete prostate fluid, one of the components of semen.
16
Q
A walnut-sized gland that grows throughout a man’s life and may eventually interfere with or prevent urination by blocking the urethra.
A
Prostate Gland
16
Q
This is an enzyme that also aids in the success of sperm by liquefying semen that has thickened after ejaculation.
A
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
16
Q
What does the Seminal Vesicle produce that provides sperm with a source of energy to help them move?
A
Sugar-rich fluid (or Fructose)
16
Q
These are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder.
A
Seminal Vesicle
16
Q
What is the pathway of Sperm through the body?
A
- The sperm moves from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis where sperm matures and undergo flagellum
- The sperm remains in the Epididymis for two weeks then pass into Vas Deferens
- The sperm cells will them move through the ejaculatory duct and into the prostate gland
- Then travel through the urethra where they mix with fluids to form a fluid called Semem
- From the Urethra, the semen passes through the penis, which will be ejected outside the body.
17
What are the three exocrine glands?
Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, and Bulbourethral Glands
17
The prostate gland prioduces what?
An Alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acids in the female reproductive system.
17
What do the Bulbourethral Glands produce?
These release an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the traces of acidic urine in the urethra.
17
It is responsible for producing gametes (termed eggs or ova), regulating sex hormones, and maintaining fertilized eggs as they develop into mature fetuses ready for delivery.
Female Reproductive Organ
17
These are small and almond-shaped organs where its main role is the production of eggs or ova.
Ovaries
17
What are the different parts of the female reproductive organ?
* Fallopian Tube
* Ovary
* Uterus
* Cervix
* Vagina
17
This is the hollow tube leading from the cervix to the outside of the body. It is also called the "Birth Canal".
Vagina
17
These are two very fine tubes that extend from each ovary into the uterus. Fertilization usually occurs in the part of the tube near the ovary.
Fallopian Tubes
17
A narrow structure within an inch-long canal connecting the lower end of the uterus to the upper portion of the vagina.
Cervix
18
In young females, the vaginal opening is covered by a thin mucus membrane called?
Hymen
18
This is the hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries. It is here that a fertilized egg will develop and grow into a baby.
Uterus
19
A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of specific cells or organs.
Hormones
20
* This hormone stimulates ovulation, maturation of egg cell, progesterone production.
* It stimulates sperm and testosterone production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
20
These play a specific role during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and development.
Hormones
21
These are the hormones produced by the Pituitary Gland
* Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
* Luteinizing Hormone
* Prolactin Hormone
21
These hormones are produced by the Ovary Gland
* Progesterone
* Estrogen
22
This hormone is produced by the Testes
Testosterone
23
* This hormone stimulates the maturation of egg cell in the ovary and estrogen production
* It stimulates Sperm Production
Follicle-Stimulating Hormonse (FSH)
24
This hormone controls the development of Endometrium during menstrual cycle and maintenance of Uterus during pregnancy.
Progesterone
25
This is a mucus membrane lining in the womb
Endometrium
26
This stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.
Prolactin
27
This hormone regulates the development of the male sex organs in Embryo. It controls the sex drive and secondary sex characteristics at puberty.
Testosterone
28
It controls the sex drive and regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics at Puberty.
Estrogen
29
This is derived from 2 Greek words "Homoios" and "Stasis"
Homeostasis
30
It regulates body temperature, fluids, salts, acids, gases, and nutrients that help support human life.
Homeostasis
30
What are the 4 Main Components of Homeostasis?
1. Sensor Mechanism
2. Integrator/Control Center
3. Effector Mechanism
4. Feedback
30
It is responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the internal environment of the body.
Homeostasis
31
Glands and Nervous Systems can acts as Sensors. This transmits a signal to the integrator.
Sensor Mechanism
32
These provide the response desired, influence or change the values of the variables and can be a positive or negative value change through glands, heart or muscles.
Effector Mechanism
32
This where the brain receives the signal from the sensor mechanism, which will provide the information on what the body should do to keep the balance.
Integrator/Control Center
32
These are responses that trigger other activities or processes.
Feedback Mechanisms
32
What are the 2 types of Feedback Mechanism?
Positive and Negative
32
It is a control system to reduce or minimize any changes or conditions of the body, which helps the whole body system to be stable.
Negative Feedback
33
This is detected by a receptor, and instead of counteracting the change, the response amplifies it.
Positive Feedback
33
This refers to the normal value and ideal requirement of the body to maintain homeostasis.
Set Point
34
A change is detected by a receptor and an effector is activated to induce an opposite effect – this promotes equilibrium.
Negative feedback
34
The term is a deviation from set point.
Negative
35
It is a process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.
Thermoregulation
35
It simply means bringing conditions back to normal.
Negative Feedback
35
It is the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations.
Osmoregulation
36
It is a hormone that helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body.
ANTIDIURETICHORMONE (ADH)
36
The concentration of water is more than compared to its solutes.
Hypotonic Urine
36
These are two bean-shaped organs that extract waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body.
Kidney
36
The concentration of water is low as compared to its solutes.
Hypertonic Urine
36
It is the maintenance of steady levels of glucose in the body; it is part of homeostasis and so keeps a constant internal environment around cells in the body.
GLUCOREGULATION
36
It's a sugar that comes from the foods we eat, and its also formed and stored inside the body.
BLOOD GLUCOSE
36
It’s the main source of energy for the cells of our body, and it's carried to each cell through the bloodstream.
BLOOD GLUCOSE
36
It is a long, flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach. It helps in digestion and regulates blood sugar.
PANCREAS
36
A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
INSULIN
37
It is the shrinkage or contraction of a cell when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution (a solution with a lower water potential than the cell) due to water loss by osmosis.
CRENATION
37
Stored form of glucose.
GLYCOGEN
37
It is a hormone formed in the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
GLUCAGON
37
It occurs when a response increases a stimulus. The original stimulus is promoted rather than negated.
Positive Feedback
37
What occurs when there is an Activated Platelet?
It activates more platelets to form a blood clot.
37
A hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.
Oxytocin
37
What are examples where Positive Feedback occurs?
Childbirth, Menstrual Cycle and Blood Clotting
38
What are the 2 Discrete Particles of Matter?
Microscopic
Macroscopic
38
These are responsible for stopping bleeding by forming clots.
Platelets
38
When a part of the body is injured, it releases chemicals that activate blood platelets.
Blood Clotting
38
These are properties that are too small to be seen even with the very best of microscopes
Microscopic
39
These can be observed with the 5 senses.
Macroscopic
39
What are the properties of Gases?
1. Gases can fill up the container due to their undefined shape and volume.
2. Two or more gases can be readily mixed evenly and completely.
3. Compressible and expandable depending on the pressure applied to it.
4. Gases are less dense compared to other states of matter. Their density varies as the temperature and pressure changes. The density of the air is 0.0012 g/cm3.
5. Gases have mass.
6. Gases exert constant, uniform pressure in all directions on the walls of their containers.
39
How you can differentiate and compare the arrangement of particles?
* Shape and Volume
* Particle Arrangement
* Movement of Particles
* Density
* Compressibility
* Diffusibility
39
The measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure.
Compressibility
39
The process of a substance spreading out to evenly fill its container
Diffusibility
40
Its SI unit is in liters (L). It can also be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic centimeters (cm^3), cubic meter (m^3) and cubic decimeters (dm^3).
Volume
40
Molecules of gases occupy space. It may be proven when the gas fills up its container.
Volume
40
The force exerted by the gas per unit area.
Pressure
40
This depends on the kinetic energy of the gas.
Temperature
40
The SI unit used for pressure is pascal (Pa), named after the scientist?
Blaise Pascal
40
Other units of [blank] are atmosphere (atm), millimeter of mercury (mmHg), torr, bar, kilopascal (kPa), and pounds per square inch (psi).
Pressure
40
The temperature of a gas is generally expressed in:
Fahrenheit (0F), Centigrade or Celsius Degree (oC), and Kelvin (K).
40
What is the formula for the temperature conversion to Celsius Degree (or Centigrade)?
C = 5/9 (0F-32)
40
What is the formula for the temperature conversion to Farenheit?
F = 9/5 * 0C + 32
41
The amount of gas (or mass) is another measurable property of a gas. The mass of the gas is related to the number of moles of the gas.
Moles
41
What is the formula for the temperature conversion to Kelvin?
K = 0C + 273
41
In Volume, what is 1 milliliter equal to?
1 Cubic Centimeter
41
The mass of the gas is generally expressed in?
kilograms (kg) or grams (g).
41
In Volume, what is 1 Liter equal to?
1,000 millilitres
41
In Volume, what is 1 cubic meter equal to?
1,000,000 cubic centimeter
41
In Pressure, what is 1 atm equal to?
760 mm of Hg = 760 torr =1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa = 101.325 x 10^3 Nm^-2
41
What is the 1st Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
1.Gases, like any other state of matter, consist of very tiny particles, each of which has mass. Gases are most likely empty space because of the wide distance between these tiny particles.
41
What is the 3rd Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
3.Gases diffuse very rapidly, which allows two or more gases to mix readily when combined.
41
What is the 5th Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
5.Gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of its container but do not lose their kinetic energy.
41
What is the 2nd Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
2.Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly, and move in random directions.
41
What is the 4th Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
4.Because of the wide spaces between gas particles, the force of attraction between them is negligible.
41
He is best known for Boyle's law
Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
41
What is the 6th Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases?
6.All gases have the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature of gas.
41
What is Boyle's Law: Volume-Pressure Relationship?
The inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.
41
It states that the volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Boyle's Law
41
He is best known for Charle's law.
Jacques Alexandre Charles (1716-1823)
41
What is Charle's Law; Volume-Temperature Relationship?
The direct proportional relationship beween the temperature and volume of a gas, if the pressure is kept constant within a closed system.
42
It states that the temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related when there is no change in pressure of a gas.
Charle's law
43
What are the applications of Boyle's Law?
Scuba Diving
Syringe
44
What are the applications of Charle's law?
Hot air balloons and Helium balloons
