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SCIENCE > 10th Grade, 2nd Quarter: All Lessons > Flashcards

10th Grade, 2nd Quarter: All Lessons Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Electromagnetic Waves?

A

These are radiations in the form of heat, light and electromagnetic energy, which are propagated in space at the speed of light.

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2
Q

Transfers energy from one place to another.

A

Wave

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3
Q

This Cannot travel without a medium.

A

Mechanical Waves

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4
Q

How are EM Waves formed?

A

When an electromagnetic field comes in contact with a magnetic field (Perpendicular). They can travel at 3 x 10^8 m/s in a vacuum (3 mil m/s)

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5
Q

What are the Characteristics of EM Waves?

A

Amplitude
Crest
Trough
Wavelength
Frequency
Unit Form

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6
Q

Height of a wave measured in meters (m)

A

Amplitude

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7
Q

Highest Point of EM Waves

A

Crest

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8
Q

Lowest Point of EM Waves

A

Trough

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9
Q

Distance between 2 crest or 2 through

A

Wavelength

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10
Q

Number of waves (can be speed of light)

A

Frequency

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11
Q

Hertz (Hz)

A

Unit Form

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12
Q

The various forms of EM waves include radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, gamma rays.

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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13
Q

These have the longest wavelengths and lowest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Radio Waves

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14
Q

It has wavelengths that range from less than a centimeter to tens or even hundreds of meters.

A

Radio Waves

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15
Q

Who was the person who first identified and studied Radio Waves?

A

Heinrich Hertz (1886)

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16
Q

The first practical radio transmitters and receivers were developed around 1895-1896 by?

A

Italian Guglielmo Marconi

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17
Q

In Radio Communication, What is AM?

A

Amplitude Modulation

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18
Q

In Radio Communication, What is FM?

A

Frequency Modulation

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19
Q

What is the origin of FM?

A

developed in the United States in the 1930’s

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20
Q

What is the origin of AM?

A

first successfully carried out in the Mid 1870’s

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21
Q

It ranges from 535 to 1705 KHz

A

AM

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22
Q

It ranges in a higher spectrum from 88 to 108 MHz

A

FM

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23
Q

__ waves come in loud and clear

A

AM

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24
Q

__ waves reception is often poor in localities

A

FM

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25
Q

It has poor Sound Quality

A

AM

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26
Q

It has High Sound Quality

A

FM

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27
Q

What is Uplink?

A

Earth to Satellite

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28
Q

What is Downlink?

A

Satellite to Earth

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29
Q

The technology of using radio waves to carry information such as sound by systematically modulating same property of EM

A

Radio

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30
Q

Converts images and sounds into electric signals, which are then modulated onto a carrier wave.

A

Television

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31
Q

A metal device that converts radio waves into electrical signals, or vice versa.

A

Antenna

32
Q

These are used in many telecommunications applications, such as in radios, televisions, and telephones.

A

Antenna

33
Q

A device that converts electrical signals into radio waves.

A

Transmitter

34
Q

These are used to send radio waves, such as music from a radio station, over long distances.

A

Transmitters

35
Q

_____ use radio waves to send signals to and receive signals from nearby cell towers, or base stations.

A

Cellphone

36
Q

Determines the position of an object on the earth.

A

Radio Navigation

37
Q

What are the applications of Radio Waves in Radio Navigation?

A

Air Traffic Control
Non-directional Beacon
Satellite Communication

38
Q

It has extremely high frequency radio waves. They have very short wavelengths, ranging from approximately 1mm to 30cms.

A

Microwaves

39
Q

They can be found between very high frequency infrared waves and conventional waves

A

Microwaves

40
Q

What are the different Applications of Microwaves?

A

Active Remote Sensing
Doppler Radar
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB)
Radar Altimeter
Radar Speed Gun
Microwave Oven

41
Q

It is considered an active remote sensing system because it actively sends a microwave pulse and senses the energy reflected back.

A

Radar Technology

42
Q

Using the doppler effect to determine the location and velocity of a storm, clouds is a change in the precipitation etc.

A

Doppler Radar

43
Q

It is leftover radiation from the Big Bang or the time when the universe began. As the theory goes, when the universe was born it underwent rapid inflation, expansion and cooling.

A

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB)

44
Q

Used to measure a certain depth of an ocean, makes measurements of the echoes from an Ocean.

A

Radar Altimeter

45
Q

Used to measure the speed of moving objects. It is used in Law-enforcement to measure the speed of moving vehicles.

A

Radar Speed Gun

46
Q

How do Microwaves cook food?

A
  1. Magnetron - Generates Microwaves
  2. Magnetron blasts waves into the food compartment through a channel called a wave guide
  3. The Food sits on a turntable
  4. The microwaves bounce back and forth
  5. the faster the molecules vibrate, the hotter the food becomes
47
Q

It is the electromagnetic (EM) radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible

A

Infrared Rays

48
Q

Who discovered Infrared?

A

Sir William Herschel discovered in 1800

49
Q

What did William Herschel notice about Infrared?

A

He noticed that the temperature increased from the blue to the red part of the spectrum

50
Q

What are the applications of Infrared Rays?

A

Remote Control
Infrared Lamps
Thermal Imaging
Infrared Cameras
Night Vision Goggles
Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging
Infrared in Communication

51
Q

What are the effects of Infrared Rays?

A

It has a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light. Too much exposure can damage your eyes and skin.

52
Q

The portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the Human Eye. It has a wavelength in a range from about 380 or 400 nanometers to about 760 or 780 nanometers.

A

Visible Light

53
Q

What are the hottest colors in the Visible Light Spectrum

A

Blue
Violet

54
Q

What is the coldest color in the Visible Light Spectrum

A

Red

55
Q

How does the Scattering of Light work?

A

Most of the blue light, having short wavelengths, is scattered and reflected to earth so the sky looks blue. Near sunset, the light path travel longer distances with more air and dust in the atmosphere.

56
Q

It is a component of light which is separated when it is reflected off an object

A

Colors

57
Q

Why do white objects appear white?

A

It appears white because it reflects all colors.

58
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

It absorbs all colors so no light is reflected
It reflects the red color and absorbs all other colors.

59
Q

Effects of Visible light to Humans and Environment

A

Use of Photosynthesis
Source of energy
Eye problem
Photo degradation of Pigments and Colorants
Polymer Breakdown

60
Q

It is an em(electromagnetic) with a wavelength shorter than that of VL (visible light) but longer than x-rays.

A

Ultraviolet

61
Q

What does UV mean?

A

Above Violet

62
Q

Who conducted an experiment in 1801 to investigate the existence of energy beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.

A

Johann Ritter

63
Q

What are UV Rays?

A

UV Radiation is the part of sunlight which causes sunburn, skin damage, and Skin cancer. It can be Broken down into three bands: UVA, UVB, UVC.

64
Q

They are the cause of long term skin damage & photo-aging. In other words, they cause premature aging, wrinkles and sunspots.

A

UVA Rays

65
Q

Intensity varies by season, location and the time of day, it intensifies during summer.
These are the strongest when the sun is shining down.

A

UVB Rays

66
Q

It is the strongest and most deadly of Solar Rays, However the ozone layer stops these from reaching the earth.

A

UVC Rays

67
Q

What are the applications of Ultraviolet?

A

Lasik

68
Q

What are the Benefits of UV Radiation?

A

Invention of fluorescent lamps, sterilization, pest control devices, authentication of documents and collectibles.
UV Money detector
Also helpful in Crime Scenes
Visa stamps

69
Q

High energy waves which have great penetrating power and are used extensively in medical applications and in inspecting welds.

A

X-Rays

70
Q

In late 1895, a German Physicist, _____, was working with a cathode ray tube in his laboratory

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

71
Q

It is a vacuum tube that contains one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen and is used to display images. (electron tube)

A

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

72
Q

What are the properties of X-Rays?

A

They can penetrate less dense matter such as skin and body tissue
They have a range of frequencies
They leave an image on photographic paper

73
Q

Applications of X-Ray

A

CT Scan
Baggage Scanner

74
Q

It is the most energetic of all EM waves, more dangerous than X-rays because radioactive substances emit them. It is found beyond the X-ray region

A

Gamma Rays

75
Q

What are the applications of Gamma Rays?

A

Sterilizing Equipments
Radioactive Tracer
Gamma Knife radiosurgery

SCIENCE (8 decks)

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