10B - Vision and attention Flashcards
ewhat is divided attention - alsp reffered as?
also known as multitasking
ability to focus on multiple forms of sensory info
waht si the dual task paradigm?
there is a primary and secondary task - ensure performance on both - can be manipulated with diff interventions
performance on both tasks worse than if performed separately
what is selective attention and what are hte 2 types?
the ability to focus atteniton on a specific task
exogenous
- external, reflexive
- focus on objects/stimuli that stand out = eg alarm clock
endogenous
- incorporate intention, goal orientation, previous knowledge
what is blindess due to and what are the two types
due to attentional demand - can experience blindness to the environment
inattentional blindess - miss somthing
change - blindness –> don’t notice something has changed
where is the primary visual cortex located?
how is it arranged?
in the occipital lobe
arranged retinotopically
- specific group of neurons to specific parts of our visual field
all visual info apsses throuhg the ____ located in the __
lateral geniculate nucleus
THALAMUS
What cortical areas are visual info related to after passing through the lateral geniculate nucleus
V1 (primary visua cortex) and VSA (visual association areas)
what theory explains how we process and udnerstand our visual world
two-stream hypothesis theory
after the visual signal passes through the eyes, where does it go through
visual associate areas and then to the secondary somatosensory cortex or inferotemporal lobe
where is the SS cortex located
located in posterior parietal lobe
what is the role of the SS cortex in complex mocement sequences ?
confirming which movements have already taken place
deciding what movements come next
what is role of inferotemproal lobe?
visual memory (Input from the hippocampus)
obejct recgonition
understand complex stimuli like faces and scenes
the secondary somatosensory cortex is ivolved in the ___ stream
dorsal
the inferotemporal lobe is involve din the ___ stream
ventral
the dorsal stream is involve din info form the ___ to the ____
primary visual cortec to SS cortex cortext
The dorsal stream is the ___ and ___ pthway
involve din obejxt ___ and ___
where and how
object location and motion
detecting and anlyzing movment
spatital awareness andguiden ceof aciton
what is apraxia -
damage to the secondary somatosensory cortex
impairs the ability to perform tasks or movements, especially sequences
- planning a dexuting movements is fine
eg putting on shoe before socks
butter before oasting
the ventral stream relays info from the ____. it the ___
primary visual cortex to the inferotemporal lovea
the ventral stream is the ___pathway
what - object recognition + form representaiton
what stream does apraxia effect
dorsal strea m - there where and hoe pathway
what stream does visual agnosia effect ?
ventral strea m - what pathways
what is visual agnosia?
damage to the inferotemporal lobe impairs the ability to recognize objects
not impaired ability to see but to process and understand what the object is
where do ventral and dorsal stream projext?
the prefrontal cortex - decision-making decide what resposne to environemnt
the ventral and dorsal stream project to the ___ whihc projects to the ___
the prefrontal cortex, which project to the premotor Cortez
what 2 things does the premotor cortex do after reciving signals from prefrontal?
help plan movement
projxt to other motor areas
deciding on a response and the ability to carry out a response are influenced by what?
the attention you are paying to the tasks - a limited resource
what does teh secondary somatosensory cortex do?
confirm which movements have already taken place
and decide which movements should follow
why is destin able to ride a normal bike ?
the motor plan is correct, and so the movement is executed (reafference matches corollary discharge)
why cant destin ride the backwards bik eat first?
The motor plan is incorrect for the task he is doing - corollary discharge (expected response) does not match the reafference (actual response), and so the movement was not executed
why can someone learn to ride a backwards bike
when the corollary discharge and reafference do not match, the incorrect signal is sent to the motor cortex, and it updates and adjusts as necessary
Lisa sees her coffee cup and wants to pick it up to take a sip of coffee. List the areas
that the signal will go through to get from vision to the point in her cortex where she
makes a decision on how to pick up the cup
info comes in at retina of eye
via optic nerve to lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
to the primary visual cortex (V1)
relays to occipital lobe
relays via dorsal to secondary somatosensory (where and how) and via ventral to inferotemporal (what)
that info then goes to the prefrontal cortex - decide what choice to make
then to premotor - plan movement
Describe the two pathways that somatosensory information can
travel touch/proprioception
versus pain/temperature) and what information would be inhibited if a spinal cord injury
occurred?
medial lemniscal
- large fibers carry proprioceptiev + touch
spinothalamic - small fibers carry temp and pain
SCI on the elft would inghibt info on teh right
the medial lemniscal pathway carrys info about
proprioeption and touch
the spinothalamic pathway carries info about
temp + pain
where does the medial lemniscal pathway crossover? what about spinothalmic?
medial lemniscal enter in Sc and crosses/synapse the brainstem
spinothalamic crosses over /synapse in the spinal cord, then travels up on the opposite side of the body
as velocity increases we get ___ at identifying flexion and extesnsion in our fingers
better
the ___you move your joint the better you get at proprioception
faster
explan the relationship between 2 and 4 on the propirioception geaph - what does this sugges tbaout cutaneous receptors?
when cutaneous receptors were added to mucus receptors, nothing changed in correct identification - indicating that cutaneous may not have. a huge role in finger extension
what does 4 ( finger flexed) indicated on the proprioception graph.
muscle spindle information was removed - worse
when you have only cutaneous information, can u still tell finger flexion and extension
yes 50%
what does the graph essential indicate?
All receptors contribute to proprioception - when one was removed, it showed declines in % correct of identifying flexion and extension
