10b. Global Pentecostal & Charismatic Movements Flashcards
Sunday Adelaja
Pastor of the biggest church in Europe, a Pentecostal Church in Ukraine.
Wesleyan Holiness Movement
In the context of the holiness movement, the first work of grace is salvation from sin. Adherents believe that without it, no amount of human effort can achieve holiness. The movement’s teaching on salvation is conventionally Protestant - God’s people are saved by grace alone, through faith alone in Jesus Christ who made atonement for human sins.
Holiness adherents believe that the “second work of grace” refers to a personal experience subsequent to regeneration, in which the believer is cleansed of the tendency to commit sin. This experience of sanctification enables the believer to live a holy life, and ideally, to live entirely without wilful sin, though it is generally accepted that a sanctified individual is still capable of committing sin.
Pillar of Fire
The Pillar of Fire International is a Christian organization founded in Denver, Colorado in 1901 by Alma White, with headquarters in Zarephath, New Jersey.[1] The Pillar of Fire was originally incorporated as the Pentecostal Union, but changed its name to distance itself from Pentecostalism in 1915.[2] While the Pillar of Fire is Methodist in doctrine, Alma White and her followers believed that the Methodist Church had become corrupt.[3] Alma White and the members of the Pillar of Fire dedicated themselves to holiness in the Wesleyan tradition.
Alma White
founder of Pillar of Fire
Evening Light Stars
Founded by Daniel S. Warner. This group is now known as the Church of God (Anderson, IN). Warner had been associated with the “Churches of God (General Eldership)” in Pennsylvania, but went out on his own after a difference of opinion. William Seymore was part of this group.
Daniel S. Warner
Founder of Evening Light Stars.
What organizations did A.B. Simpson form?
He formed two organizations, the International Missionary Alliance, which was responsible for his work in other countries, and the Christian Alliance that did his work in the United States.
What is A.B. Simpson most famous for?
He is one of the first to use the fourfold outline of Jesus as (1) Savior, (2) Sanctifier, (3) Healer, and (4) Coming King.
Thomas P. and Manie Ferguson
Founded the Peniel Mission in 1886; the headquarters for this mission was in Los Angeles. This holiness group was designed especially for the training and ministry of young women.
Who founded the [Pentecostal] Church of the Nazarene?
Phineas F. Bresee and Joseph P. Winey, formerly pastors of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Los Angeles, were its founders. While it originally carried the adjective “Pentecostal” in its name, the denomination voted in 1919 to drop it to avoid confusion with and to distance themselves from the Pentecostal Movement which advocated speaking in tongues.
What are the two views of sanctification in Wesleyan tradition?
Gradual and Instantaneous.
The view of sanctification that was championed by Charles G. Finney, Asa Mahan, and others at Oberlin College was one in which sanctification came about more or less gradually.
The second view of sanctification was more widespread among these churches. It viewed sanctification as taking place instantaneously, through a second work of grace that removed the sin nature, enabling one to lead a life of sinless perfection. Most Wesleyan-Holiness churches adopted this “crisis” view of sanctification as part of their doctrinal position.
“crisis” view of sanctification
sanctification as taking place instantaneously, through a second work of grace that removed the sin nature, enabling one to lead a life of sinless perfection
How does Baptism of the Holy Spirit relate with sanctification?
They are intertwined. Those who viewed these concepts separately viewed sanctification in terms of purification and cleansing, and “Baptism in the Spirit” in terms of empowerment.
Restorationism
Fringe groups attempted to explain how God was going to restore the New Testament church in their own day, many of them came to believe that God was about to restore all the gifts of the Holy Spirit, including the ability to speak in other tongues. Thus, Pentecostalism emerged as one of a number of 19th and 20th Century movements that embraced Restorationism.
Charles Fox Parham
Charles Fox Parham was a Methodist minister. Healed as a young boy, he determined that he was going to enter the ministry. He spent some time in Shiloh, Maine where he was part of a Holiness community with some Pentecostal manifestations, under the leadership of Frank Sandford. Parham left Shiloh, just as he had left college and he embarked on a path toward ministry in the Methodist Church. His own healing experience led him to champion the idea of divine healing.
In 1900, Parham established a healing home and a short-term Bible school in Topeka, Kansas. During the Christmas holidays in late 1900, Parham left a group of his students to ponder the question, “What proof or evidence is there in Scripture that shows that the Apostles received the Baptism with the Holy Spirit?” The answer they gave was that, according to Acts 2:4, the Apostles had spoken in other tongues.
Who led the prayer meeting where a bunch of people began to speak in tongues?
Agnes Ozman
What happened after the prayer meeting?
The incident in Topeka made the newspapers and for a few months, Parham was in demand as a speaker. He held meetings in Houston, Texas in 1904-5 in which a number of his beliefs came to the fore, and he began to gather a number of converts around him. In October 1905 he established another of his short-term Bible schools, in Houston. Among those he allowed to enroll was the African American preacher, William J. Seymour.
William Joseph Seymore
In 1870, William Joseph Seymour was born to two former slaves in Centerville, Louisiana. His parents had worked the sugar cane fields. William Seymour was baptized into the Catholic Church in 1870 but appears not to have had any spiritual nurture there.
While he was in Indianapolis, however, he left the Methodists and joined the Evening Light Saints. From there he traveled to Cincinnati to attend God’s Bible School, and while there contracted a case of smallpox that left him blind in one eye. Finishing his classes, he ultimately moved on to Houston. In Houston, Texas, Seymour attended a small African-American Holiness congregation whose pastor was Mrs. Lucy Farrow. In early 1905, she became the governess for the Parham children and she turned the congregation over to Seymour. As she traveled with the Parhams, she came to believe in and then she experienced the baptism in the Spirit. Upon Parham’s return to Houston in October 1905, Mrs. Farrow became instrumental in getting Seymour to enroll in Parham’s Bible School.
Julia Hutchins
During this same period, Mrs. Julia W. Hutchins, an African-American and a member of the Holiness Church of Southern California, founded a small mission at 9th and Santa Fe Streets in downtown Los Angeles. Working through a friend, she invited Seymour to come as the pastor of that congregation. Seymour was locked out of the church because Hutchins did not agree with Baptism of the Holy Spirit.
Edward S. Lee
Without anywhere to go, Edward S. Lee, a member of Mrs. Hutchins’ congregation invited Seymour to his home, where daily they prayed together. On April 9, 1906, a number of this group received the Baptism in the Spirit with the “Bible evidence” of speaking in other tongues that Seymour was teaching. J. Within a week, they had moved their Bible study to the former home of the Stevens AME Church (now First African Methodist Episcopal Church) at 312 Azusa Street. A revival had begun.
How long did the revival last?
The revival that began there in April 1906 continued unabated through the end of 1909 before it began to taper down. By this time, hundreds of congregations had been formed and whole denominations had emerged that taught the message made broadly popular by this small mission.
What are the three streams of Pentecostalism?
- Holiness Pentecostalism
- Finished Work Pentecostalism
- Oneness Pentecostalism
Holiness Pentecostalism
Holiness Pentecostalism was the earliest of the three streams of Pentecostalism that resulted. This was the position of both Parham and Seymour. These churches articulated three distinct and sequential works of the Holy Spirit in one’s life. The first of these was salvation, the second sanctification, and the third, baptism in the Spirit with the evidence of tongues. There are scores of denominations that have emerged from this group.
What are some examples of Holiness Pentecostalism churches?
Apostolic Faith Mission, Baxter Springs, KS (Charles Fox Parham)
Apostolic Faith Mission, Portland, OR (Florence Crawford)
Church of God (Richard Spurling)
International Holiness Pentecostal Church (Irving)
Church of God in Christ, COGIC (Charles Jones and Charles Mason).
Finished Work Pentecostalism
“Finished Work” Pentecostalism is a designation given to the Pentecostal denominations that rejected the idea of a “crisis” experience of sanctification as well as the idea that entire sanctification included the eradication of the sin nature. This theory of sanctification became popular in Chicago, among the Zion City and the Christian and Missionary Alliance folk in the upper Midwest, among many of the White Pentecostals in the Church of God in Christ, as well as those in the New England and the Los Angeles areas.
Who suggested the “finished work” theory?
William A. Durham
What is the largest Finished Work Pentecostal church?
General Council of the Assemblies of God
What are some examples of Finished Work Pentecostal churches?
Assemblies of God (Bell and Goss)
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (Sister Aimee McPherson).
Open Bible Churches
