1w- The cell cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What two stages does the cell cycle consist of?

A
  • interphase

- miotic (M) phase

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2
Q

What are the three parts of interphase?

A
  • G1: the initial growth phase, involves growth and DNA synthesis
  • synthesis (S) phase: replication of DNA
  • G2: a further growth phase
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3
Q

What two parts does the miotic phase involve?

A
  • mitosis

- cytokinesis

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4
Q

What happens in mitosis?

A

The chromosomal material is separated by the spindle microtubules

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5
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm is separated into two daughter cells

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6
Q

What are the four stages of mitosis?

A
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
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7
Q

What happens during prophase?

A
  • DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids
  • nuclear membrane breaks down
  • spindle microtubules extend from the MTOC by polymerisation and attach to
    chromosomes via their kinetochores in the centromere region
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8
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A
  • chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)
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9
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A
  • as spindle microtubules shorten by depolymerisation, sister chromatids are
    separated and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
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10
Q

What happens during telophase?

A
  • the chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them
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