1070 POST MIDTERM WEEK 7-13 Flashcards
Define Public health
- Efforts of society to keep people healthy
- Combination of programs, services, and policies to protect and promote health
- Focus on whole populations
Describe the Core Functions of Public Health
S- health surveillance
H- health assessment of population
E- emergency management
D- disease and injury prevention
P- health promotion and policy development
P- health protection
Levels of prevention in health promotion
Primordial level- first level, uses upstream approach, it is addressing or ways to stop the risk of getting a disease. For example- healthy lifestyle choices, or tobacco stop campaign.
Primary level- just like primordial, uses upstream, it is preventing the risk of the disease and addressing the prevention for it. For example car seat safety, or immunization. Even if you still are at risk for these things, primary level reduces the effect.
Secondary level- screening for detection of disease and checking to see. For example cancer detection, mammogram.
Tertiary level- providing care to go back to optimal health like monitoring medication or rehabilitation
Quaternary level- this is where ethics come in. For example if there is a woman with domestic violence, you would not ask many questions to aggravate her even more.
Harm Reduction
Protecting health by reducing harm towards individuals engaging in high-risk activities associated with poor health outcomes.
Population Health Approach
Understand and improve the health of the entire population and do not focus on individuals but look at the root causes.
Describe the Population Health Promo model
HOW- strategies from the Ottawa charter
WHO- communities and populations
WHAT- SDOH
WHY- we want positive impact health
Describe each strategy from the Ottawa charter
Strengthen community action
Healthy public policy
Personal skills
Reorient health system
Supportive environments
Population Health Indicators
Smoking rates
Life expectancy
Accidents
Population Health Interventions
Smoking bans
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution of factors that determine health-related events in a population.
Example- mortality rates
Public Health Nursing
- District nurses
- Visited disadvantaged pregnant women providing nutritious meals
- Vulnerable populations
- Vaccines
What is Sexuality?
Encompasses sex, gender, identities, and roles, sexual orientation, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction.
What is sexual health?
- A state of physical, mental, and emotional well-being related to sexuality
- Characterized by a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships
What is sexual health promotion?
Individuals achieve the ability to control and improve their sexual health
What are the stages of sexual development
- Childhood and infancy (EXPLORATION)
- Puberty in adolescents
- Adulthood
Elder adulthood
Sezxualitree
3 levels of sexuality
- intimacy
- relational
- cultural
Gender Identity
Our sense of being male or female
Gender Expression
The way we express our gender female or male by the way we dress, appearance, or behaviour
Biological Sex
Physical parts that make us male and female
Androgynous
Having both male and female characteristics
Intersex
A person born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not seem to fit the typical definition of female or male
Gender vs Sexuality
gender- biological, identity, expression
sexuality- attraction, identity, behaviour
Heterosexism
Foundation of homophobia and assuming that everyone is heterosexual and marginalizing people who are not
LGBTQ+ Cultural Competence for Nurses
Understand the far-reaching effects of social stigma and stress on the health of LGBTQ+ people, families and communities.
Understand how homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia intersects with other oppressions like racism and sexism
Nursing responsibilities regarding LGBTQ+
- be aware of your own values and beliefs, influences of family, religion and society
- convey a caring open, and non-judgmental manner towards clients
- use of appropriate language, non verbal and verbal communication
What is spirituality?
- Spirituality - from the Latin word “spiritus” meaning breath or wind
- interconnectedness between self and others
- ways to find hope
ways to find meaning in life - ways to find greater purpose
Rogers and Wattis (2015) definition of spirituality
- defining spirituality is hard
- spirituality is unique to the individual
Four characteristics of spirituality
- relationship with self
- relationship with nature
- relationship with others
- relationship with deity
Spirituality on nursing care
Our CNO standards expect us to pay attention to the needs of out patients (spiritually)
Spirituality’s connection with hope, meaning, purpose in life, values, and beliefs is important in practice because in nursing it helps us to promote a centred holistic approach
How can we increase spiritual competency?
Be aware of your own spirituality
Listen to cues
Be fully present
Be person-centered
Reflect daily on your compassion for patients
What are goals of spiritual caregiving?
-Fostering integrity within people
-Promoting interpersonal bonding
-Respecting and enhancing personal quests for the meaning of life
Foundational concepts of spirituality
ways of knowing
time/ transitions
personal meaning
culture
What is culture?
- Is shaped by values, beliefs, norms, and practices that are shared by the members of the same cultural group
- dynamic
-goes on for generations
culture can include age, group history, language, and sexual orientation but it can also include socioeconomic status and gender.
The Cultural Iceberg
- Culture is like an iceberg
- Some aspects are visible and many are guessed, suspected, or learned as you grow to understand cultures.
What is value?
a value is a personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, customer, or object that sets standards that can influence behaviour
What is a Belief?
A belief is an opinion or conviction in the truth or existence of something without positive knowledge or rigorous proof
Define Assumptions
An assumption may come from one person’s experience and is told and retold until the group believes the idea to be the truth
Cultural Humility
ability to maintain an interpersonal stance that is other-oriented in relation to aspects of cultural identity that are most important to the person
everyone is like everyone else
everyone is like someone else
everyone is like no one else
shared humanity
group identity
individuality
everyone is like everyone else - shared humanity
everyone is like someone else- group identity
everyone is like no one else- individuality
Cultural and Linguistic Competence
Accepting and respecting cultural differences and adapting care to be congruent with the client’s culture
clients have the right to culturally and clinically appropriate care delivery provided by the appropriate person in the health care team
Cultural safety
something we create
cultural safety does not refer to the cataloguing of cultural specific beliefs but rather how a group is treated and perceived
individuals and institutional discrimination in health care creates risk for people
Promoting cultural safety
requires nurses to:
- recognize, respect, and nurture the unique and dynamic cultural identities of all people
- safely meet people’s needs, expectations and rights given to the unique contexts of their lives
Self- awarness
understanding one’s values, beliefs, attitudes, culture, biases, and judgments and understanding the impact they have on others
helps guide behaviour
Self- awareness in nursing
self- awareness has become intricately tied to becoming a nurse not just doing nursing.
remember that nursing is an art, it is using nursing knowledge to restore and maintain meaningful relationships to improve health
Self- awareness and reflection
self- awareness is a continuous process without a saturation point
use of reflection - a conscious process to examine oneself and one’s assumptions and biases
