1020 MODULE 1 PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
What is Physiology
Physiology is the study of the structure and functions of the human body. It is how the body is able to maintain the internal environment regardless of the external environment.
Internal vs External Environment
Internal environment- an environment in which our cells bathe. For example: in the blood, the organs
External environment- region outside of the body. (Respiratory system, digestive system)
Homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable conditions inside the body, regardless of what is happening outside
How does our body maintain homeostasis
Negative and Positive feedback loop
Negative feedback loop
set point
control center
effector
controlled variable
senor
- the negative feedback loop can shut itself off while the positive feedback loop keeps itself on and produces more controlled variables
- the set point of the body is the temperature our body is. which is 37 degrees. When the body temperature decreases so the actual temperature which is 35, the sensors in the nervous system detect this change and signal the control center which is the hypothalamus. This causes the control center to turn on the effector which turns on the organs and the systems in our body (endocrine) that release shivering (controlled variable) which is constricting the blood flow to help us. The body gets to its normal temperature and the shivering stops.
the opposite happens when you are hot. The body detects the change, signals the control center, turns on the effector and releases a controlled variable which is dilating the blood in the blood vessel and this dissipation will cause sweat glands to sweat.
Positive feedback loop
Set point
control center
effector
controlled variable
sensor
what are the control systems in the human body?
the nervous and the endocrine system
Body structural hierarchy
atom
molecule
macromolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
