1060- The lungs anatomy Flashcards
What do the inspiratory muscles do during quiet breathing at rest ?
diaphragm contracts and abdominals relax causing a downwards expansion. External intercostals contract pulling the ribs up and outwards
What do the expiratory muscles do during quiet breathing?
diaphragm relaxes and a passive recoil of the lungs
What do the inspiratory muscles do during forced breathing ?
sternomastoids , scalens,pectoralis major and external intercostal contract , causing a further outwards expansion .
What do the expiratory muscles do during forced breathing ?
internal intercostals contract , pulling the ribs downwards and inwards , and the abdominals contract causing a rapid upwards collapse of the lungs causing air to be pushed out.
What are the two pleural membranes called?
parietal pleura and visceral pleura
parietal pleura
the outermost membrane
visceral pleura
the inner surface covering the lungs
2 functions of the fluid between the pleura
allows the pleura to move over each other without friction , and causes cohesion between the lungs and the thoracic cage so when the lungs expand , so does the thorax.
5 parts of the upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity , larynx, pharynx , mouth and nostril
5 parts of the lower respiratory tract
trachea, righ/left lung, right/left bronchus and diaphragm
how many lobes does the right and left lung have
right - 3 , left -2
what is the order that air travels to the trachea
pharynx , nasopharynx , oropharynx, larynx and trachea
What two types of cells are the nasal cavity lined with
goblet cells and pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What 3 things are the larynx made up of ?
cartilage plates, ligaments and skeletal muscle attachments
4 functions of the nasal cavity
hair and mucus trap particles, foreign particles activate irritant receptors and therefore trigger the sneezing reflex. chemical receptors line the nasal cavity so that we can smell, have a rich blood supply for gas exchange.
function of the larynx
speech
What is mucus made up from
mucin secretion and serous secretion from submucosal glands .
What 3 things does serous secretion contain ?
water, NaCl , naHCo3
What prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing
lowering of epiglottis and closure of vocal ligaments
Describe the structure of the bronchioles
Small conducting airways smaller than 1mm diameter. no cartilage or submucosal glands, or goblet cells
what are goblet cells replaced by in bronchioles?
club cells
Type I pneumocytes
non-ciliated squamous epithelium
(flat & very thin), ~40% o cells, but >90% of surface area
Type II pneumocytes
large rounded, non-ciliated epithelium
60% of cells, but <10% o surface area
