1030 -The immune system Flashcards
Name some barriers for the immune system
Skin, mucous membranes, HCL in the stomach , cilia in the throat , surface epithelia secrete specific microbial substances , blood contains antimicrobial substances.
What is innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate- first hand response and exposure to a virus
adaptive - secondary response
What are the differences between innate and adaptive immunity?
adaptive is specific with a slower response and has memory
What are some similarities between innate and adaptive immunity?
Both can be cell mediated or humoral , both are responses to altered self and both are responses to infection.
Cells of the innate immune response
• Highly phagocytic
• Contain lysosomal and microbiocidal proteins which destroy engulfed bacteria,
cellular debris or foreign particulate matter.
• Neutrophils die after having disposed of their target
• Macrophages can produce new lysosomes and continue to engulf and destroy
foreign material.
What are the specific names of the macrophages in the liver, bone , kidney and brain ?
kupffer cells, osteoclasts, mesangial cells and microglia
Where do lymphocytes become activated?
In secondary lymphoid organs
Where do B cells and T-cells mature?
Bone marrow and thymus
Where to B cells and T - cells both arise?
Bone marrow
What are the four functional subsets of t-cells and their function :
helper t-cells- can activate b-cells
Cytotoxic T cells - which can specifically kill infected cells
Regulatory T cells - Help modulate responses
Memory T cells.
When do b-cells secrete antibodies and what do they do ?
They secrete antibodies when activated by t-cells and antigens. The antibodies can either : neutralise the pathogen or facilitate the uptake by phagocytes.
What are the two functional subsets of B-cells?
plasma and memory cells
3 examples of antigen presenting cells:
macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes.
Where are dendritic cells derived from ?
bone marrow blood cell precursors
Primary Lymphoid Tissues
where immature lymphocytes
acquire the capacity for antigen recognition
Bone marrow
T cell development, and B cell development
and maturation
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
Sites of lymphocyte activation
Lymph nodes
Screens lymph
Spleen
Responsible for immunological
responses against blood antigens.
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)
Screens mucosa
What are lymph nodes
small groups of organs which are found in sites where lymphatic vessels drain an anatomical region.
function of lymph nodes
facilitates activation of an immune response as it is a location where lymphocytes can interact with new antigens
Name four main structures of the lymph nodes
follicles , mantle zone , paracortex and germinal centre
paracortex
made up of a majority of t-cells
germinal centre
consists of activating dividing B cells with a few t-cells
mantle zone
made up of resting B cells
follicles
regions of B cell activation
