1030 -The immune system

Question 1

Name some barriers for the immune system

Answer 1

Skin, mucous membranes, HCL in the stomach , cilia in the throat , surface epithelia secrete specific microbial substances , blood contains antimicrobial substances.

Question 2

What is innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

Innate- first hand response and exposure to a virus

adaptive - secondary response

Question 3

What are the differences between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 3

adaptive is specific with a slower response and has memory

Question 4

What are some similarities between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

Both can be cell mediated or humoral , both are responses to altered self and both are responses to infection.

Question 5

Cells of the innate immune response

Answer 5

• Highly phagocytic
• Contain lysosomal and microbiocidal proteins which destroy engulfed bacteria,
cellular debris or foreign particulate matter.
• Neutrophils die after having disposed of their target
• Macrophages can produce new lysosomes and continue to engulf and destroy
foreign material.

Question 6

What are the specific names of the macrophages in the liver, bone , kidney and brain ?

Answer 6

kupffer cells, osteoclasts, mesangial cells and microglia

Question 7

Where do lymphocytes become activated?

Answer 7

In secondary lymphoid organs

Question 8

Where do B cells and T-cells mature?

Answer 8

Bone marrow and thymus

Question 9

Where to B cells and T - cells both arise?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

What are the four functional subsets of t-cells and their function :

Answer 10

helper t-cells- can activate b-cells
Cytotoxic T cells - which can specifically kill infected cells
Regulatory T cells - Help modulate responses
Memory T cells.

Question 11

When do b-cells secrete antibodies and what do they do ?

Answer 11

They secrete antibodies when activated by t-cells and antigens. The antibodies can either : neutralise the pathogen or facilitate the uptake by phagocytes.

Question 12

What are the two functional subsets of B-cells?

Answer 12

plasma and memory cells

Question 13

3 examples of antigen presenting cells:

Answer 13

macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes.

Question 14

Where are dendritic cells derived from ?

Answer 14

bone marrow blood cell precursors

Question 15

Primary Lymphoid Tissues

Answer 15

where immature lymphocytes

acquire the capacity for antigen recognition

Question 16

Bone marrow

Answer 16

T cell development, and B cell development

and maturation

Question 17

Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

Answer 17

Sites of lymphocyte activation

Question 18

Lymph nodes

Answer 18

Screens lymph

Question 19

Spleen

Answer 19

Responsible for immunological

responses against blood antigens.

Question 20

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

Answer 20

Screens mucosa

Question 21

What are lymph nodes

Answer 21

small groups of organs which are found in sites where lymphatic vessels drain an anatomical region.

Question 22

function of lymph nodes

Answer 22

facilitates activation of an immune response as it is a location where lymphocytes can interact with new antigens

Question 23

Name four main structures of the lymph nodes

Answer 23

follicles , mantle zone , paracortex and germinal centre

Question 24

paracortex

Answer 24

made up of a majority of t-cells

Question 25

germinal centre

Answer 25

consists of activating dividing B cells with a few t-cells

Question 26

mantle zone

Answer 26

made up of resting B cells

Question 27

follicles

Answer 27

regions of B cell activation