1030- Stem cells

Question 1

totipotent - Give an example

Answer 1

can differentiate into any types of cells in the body including placenta cells. Zygote

Question 2

pluripotent- Give an example

Answer 2

can differentiate into any types of cells in the body , minus placenta cells. Blastocyst

Question 3

Multipotent

Answer 3

can differentiate into a few different types of cell

Question 4

unipotent

Answer 4

can only differentiate into one type of cell

Question 5

haematopoietic

Answer 5

Blood cell types

Question 6

neural stem cells

Answer 6

astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Why and how long does subculturing have to be done for?

Answer 7

to ensure cells are capable for long term self renewal and has to be for more than 6 months.

Question 8

How do we ensure the cultured stem cells are embryonic ?

Answer 8

See if they will spontaneously differentiate into cells of the 3 germ layers OR subculture in specific different conditions.

Question 9

Name 3 granulocytes

Answer 9

Basophil , Neutrophil and eosinophil

Question 10

Basophil function

Answer 10

Makes histamine and is involved in inflammatory responses

Question 11

Neutrophil function

Answer 11

Recruited to the site of injury within minutes following trauma and are the hallmark of acute inflammation

Question 12

Eosinophil function

Answer 12

involved in inflammatory responses and allergic reactions

Question 13

3 types of lymphoid stem cells

Answer 13

T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells

Question 14

mesenchymal stem cells isolated from (4):

Answer 14

bone marrow, adipose tissue , amniotic fluid and umbilical cord fluid

Question 15

osteocyes

Answer 15

make bone

Question 16

chondrocytes

Answer 16

cartilliage and muscle cells

Question 17

stromal cells

Answer 17

form connective tissue which surrounds organs

Question 18

The yamanaka factors (4)

Answer 18

OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC

Question 19

Committed progenitors

Answer 19

A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its “target” cell.