Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aural Rehab Lectures > 1.06​ - Hearing Assessment: Infants-Toddlers-Preschoolers > Flashcards

1.06​ - Hearing Assessment: Infants-Toddlers-Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

What does UNHS stand for?

A

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the U.S. Newborn Infant Hearing Screening and Intervention Act signed into law? What did it provide?

A

1999

3 years of grant funding for states to develop screening & intervention services for all newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does NBHS stand for?

A

New Born Hearing Screenings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did Arizona pass legislation requiring NBHS?

A

2007

Arizona started implementing Newborn Hearing Screening ahead of the curve due to the interest of an audiologist in the AZ Dept. of Health Services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When did President Obama sign an amendment to NBHS legislation?

A

2010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Two (Three?) Routes to the Audiologist?

A

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (Newborn Hearing Screenings ​)

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention ​(EHDI) ​

Parent concern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the Total number of Actual Births in 2010?

A

3,885,773 Born

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percent of newborns had hearing screenings in 2010?

A

Hearing Screenings Performed: 98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of newborns did not pass their hearing screening in 2010?

A

Percent NOT passing 1.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Of those newborns who did not pass the hearing screening, what percentage was diagnosed with a hearing disorder in 2010?

A

Percent diagnosed: 52.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In 2010, _____/1000 Screened had hearing loss.

A

1.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

______ is the most common birth defect in the United States.

A

Permanent hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In 2010 Arizona screened ______ of all babies born

A

98.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In 2010 Arizona had _____ births

A

86,679

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In 2010 Arizona had _____ infants that were not screened (declined by parents, infants died, unknown)

A

1421

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In 2010 Arizona had _____ infants who failed the initial screen but did not receive 2nd screen before discharge

A

389

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In 2010 Arizona had _____ infants who were identified as hearing impaired

A

146

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In 2010 Arizona had _____ infants who were lost to follow up

A

37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does EHDI stand for?

A

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the four Goals of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention?

A

Hearing screening by 1 month
Diagnosis by 3 months
Amplification within 1 month of diagnosis
Intervention by 6 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

EHDI should be _______, meaning rights and privacy, informed choice, shared decision making, & parental consent.

A

Family centered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

EHDI should offer _______

A

Access to high-quality technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Does EHDI try to ensure that every child born with a permanent hearing loss is identified before 3 months of age and provided with timely and appropriate intervention services before 6 months of age?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Does EHDI try to ensure that every family of an infant with hearing loss receives culturally-competent family support as desired?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does EHDI try to ensure that all newborns have a “medical home” or a primary care group that guarentees that newborns is getting all the services that they need?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Does EHDI try to ensure that effective newborn hearing screening tracking and data management systems are linked with other relevant public health information systems?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Screening is a “______” procedure

A

Pass/refer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does “Pass” on a hearing screening mean?

A

No current concern to suspect hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does “Refer” on a hearing screening mean?

A

There is reason to suspect hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What Hearing Screening tests are used on Infants and Young Children?

A

Objective Tests

They not require patient response/cooperations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What specific types of screening tests on Infants and Young Children?

A

Automated Auditory Brain Stem Response (A-Baer) (A-ABR)

Otoacoustic Emissions Testing

Tympanometry (Immintance) and Acoustic Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When are Objective Tests used?

A

With Infants under age six months

May be necessary for confirmation of behavioral results for older infants and young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When are Behavioral Tests used?

A

Possible once child reaches six months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Left undetected, hearing impairments in infants can negatively impact ______, _______, and social and emotional development.

A

Speech and language acquisition

Academic achievement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

If HL is detected, however, these negative impacts can be diminished and even eliminated through ______.

A

Early intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

“Research has compared children with HL who received early intervention and amplification before 6 months of age versus after 6 months of age. By the time they enter first grade, children identified earlier are ______ years ahead of their later-identified peers in language, cognitive, and social skills.”*

A

1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Follow-up from newborn hearing screening does not occur in all children and only about ______ of infants who are referred for medical or audiological follow-up are receiving timely assessment or intervention

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

It is estimated that by school age new cases of permanent hearing loss occur in approximately _____ per 1000 children in addition to the _____ per 1000 likely to be detected at birth

A

6

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Further, an estimated ______ of pre-school children experience repeated episodes of ear infections and intermittent hearing loss, some untreated for extended periods.

A

35%

40
Q

What is BOA?

A

Behavioral Observation Audiometry

41
Q

What is VRA?

A

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry

42
Q

What is CPA?

A

Conditioned Play Audiometry

43
Q

What is Behavioral Observation Audiometry?

A

Audiologist watches child for behavioral change

Shows lowest level of responsiveness not hearing threshold
(Some babies may react to 20 dB HL sound levels and others will not react until 60 dB HL)

Can be highly subjective: i.e. observers expectations can basis outcome

44
Q

What are the two categories for Responses to Sound?

A

REFLEXIVE (Startle, Limb jerks, Eye blinks)

ATTENTIVE (Quieting or increased activity, Change in breathing rate, Onset or cessation of vocalizations, Onset or cessation of crying
Eye widening, brow furrowing or expectant look, Smiling, Head turning – searching or localization)

45
Q

When is Visual Reinforcement Audiometry used?

A

6 Months to 2 ½ years of age

46
Q

What is Visual Reinforcement Audiometry?

A

Consists of stimulus/response conditioning

A conditioned response is a new or modified response to a previous neutral stimulus

47
Q

How accurate is Visual Reinforcement Audiometry?

A

High accuracy when conditioning achieved

Minimal Response Levels obtained are within 10dB of true thresholds

Speech Detection Thresholds (SDT or SAT) used as a cross-check to the audiometric thresholds obtained

48
Q

What is happening in Auditory Development at 0-6 weeks?

A

Normal hearing children startle, eye ​

blink or widen eyes to sounds at 40-80 dB HL

49
Q

What is happening in Auditory Development at 4-7 Months?

A

Head turn laterally toward a sound, responds to speech at 20 dB HL tones at varying levels

50
Q

What is happening in Auditory Development at 7-24 months?

A

Level of signals needed to elicit a head turn drops

51
Q

What is happening in Auditory Development at 24+ months?

A

Conditioned play audiometry possible

52
Q

When is Conditioned Play Audiometry used?

A

2 to 2 ½ and older

53
Q

What is Conditioned Play Audiometry?

A

Child is trained to perform task in response to sound using a fun activity

Motivates child to perform listening task

Can pick a variety of games to keep child’s interest (e.g. block in bucket, peg board, puzzles, computer PowerPoint)

54
Q

How is reliability in Conditioned Play Audiometry?

A

Good reliability when child is engaged in listening

Speech Recognition Thresholds (SRT or SAT) used as a cross-check to the audiometric thresholds obtained

55
Q

What concerns the audiologist most about a child’s hearing loss?

A

Determining the type and degree of hearing loss

56
Q

What concerns families/parents most about a child’s hearing loss?

A

Etiology (cause) of child’s hearing loss

Why is my child hearing impaired?

It does help them if you can come to a definitive reason, though we almost never know this!

57
Q

What percent of Prelinguistic HL is Idiopathic?

A

25%

58
Q

What does idiopathic mean?

A

No clue what the cause is

59
Q

What percent of Prelinguistic HL is Non-genetic?

A

25%

60
Q

What percent of Prelinguistic HL is Genetic?

A

50%

61
Q

What percent of Prelinguistic HL with a genetic root is Non-Syndromic?

A

70%

62
Q

What percent of Prelinguistic HL with a genetic root is Syndromic?

A

30%

63
Q

What percentage of children w/HL do not have risk factors at birth?

A

50%

64
Q

Is low birth weight (< 3.3 lbs.) a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

65
Q

Is a family history of hearing loss a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

66
Q

Are in utero infections (CMV, rubella, herpes) a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

67
Q

Are ototoxic medications a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

68
Q

Is a need for ventilator use for 5 days or more a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

69
Q

Are craniofacial anomalies a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

70
Q

What are we looking for in craniofacial anomalies?

A

You are looking for symmetry

Different color eyes, one ear set lower than other

71
Q

Are physical manifestations consistent w/ a syndrome (Club foot, etc.) a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

72
Q

Is bacterial meningitis a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

73
Q

Is hyperbilirubinemia (severe jaundice) at levels that require an exchange transfusion a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

74
Q

Are low Apgar Scores a risk factor for newborn HL?

A

Yes

75
Q

What are Apgar Scores measuring?

A

A = Appearance (skin color)

P = Pulse (heart rate

G = Grimace (known as “reflex irritability”)

A = Activity and muscle tone

R = Respiration (breathing rate and effort)

76
Q

When are babies given Apgar Scores? What’s the range? What score is good?

A

Babies are rated at one minute after birth and 5 minutes after birth

10 is the highest score, 1 is the lowest

A score of 8 or higher is considered good

77
Q

Are Infections in utero (rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus) a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

78
Q

Are Rh-factor complications (maternal antibodies affect RH-positive blood cells of baby) a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

79
Q

Is prematurity a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

80
Q

Is maternal diabetes a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

81
Q

Is toxemia (an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, edema, and the presence of protein in the urine) a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

82
Q

Is anoxia (an abnormally low oxygen level in the blood) a prenatal/perinatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

83
Q

Is syphilis a prenatal, non-genetic cause of hearing loss?

A

Yes

84
Q

What are two Acquired causes of HL?

A

Infections

Ototoxic medications

85
Q

What are two Structural causes of HL

A

Congenital Cholesteatoma (Abnormal tissue growth in middle ear)

Inner ear malformations:

86
Q

What is the genetic cause of HL we specifically covered in class?

A

Connexin 26

87
Q

Is Connexin 26 pre or postlingual? How severe is the HL?

A

Pre-lingual

Mild to profound HL

88
Q

What are the external signs of Connexin 26?

A

There are none

89
Q

In 2/3 of the cases of Connexin 26, HL is ______ with no vestibular or labyrinthine ______.

A

Non-progressive

Abnormalities

90
Q

What are the Main Risk Factors for Late Onset HL?

5

A

Congenital CMV Infection (Cytomegalovirus)

Meningitis or mumps

Family History of late-onset hearing loss

Head trauma, especially with basal or temporal bone fracture

Chemotherapy, especially in conjunction with radiation

91
Q

What is the best way to monitor infants and young children for late-onset hearing loss.?

A

Monitoring and screening within the medical home

92
Q

Babies with risk factors for hearing loss should be retested at ______ of age and then every six months after until age ______.

A

Six months

3 yrs

93
Q

Parents provided with _______ handout to encourage monitoring

A

Hearing and language milestones

94
Q

Estimated that ______ of preschool of children experience repeated episodes of Otitis Media. This can result in ______ conductive hearing loss
For children with SNHL, this will add additional hearing loss while affected.

A

30%

Mild-moderate

95
Q

The length of illness will determine the child’s ability to “______”

A

Catch up

Aural Rehab Lectures (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions