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Aural Rehab Lectures > 1.04 - Assisted Listening Devices > Flashcards

1.04 - Assisted Listening Devices Flashcards

1
Q

What are ALD’s?

A

Assistive Listening Devices

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2
Q

What are HATs?

A

Hearing Assistive Technology

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3
Q

What is Hearing Assistive Technology?

A

Any device (except a hearing aid or cochlear implant) that helps a deaf or hard of hearing person communicate more effectively.

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4
Q

What are four types of ways that HAT might assist listening?

A

Direct sound amplification

Text

Visual signals

Vibrotactile signals

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5
Q

HAT is also known as ______.

A

Assistive Technology (AT)

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6
Q

Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) is a ______.

A

Subclass of HAT

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7
Q

Can AT devices be helpful for hearing the TV?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Can AT devices be helpful for amplifying a lecture for all students?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Can AT devices be helpful for listening in a confidential meeting?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Can AT devices be helpful for hearing and seeing a phone conversation?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Will AT devices probably replace traditional phone conversations for the hearing impaired?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Can AT devices be helpful for getting text support for a lecture?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the four different varieties of FM systems?

A

Traditional FM System

Direct Connect of FM to HA

Integrated FM in HA

FM Connected to Cochlear Implant Devices:

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14
Q

What four needs does HAT address?

A

Effective face to face communication (especially in noise or at a distance)

Access to media

Successful telephone communication

Awareness of alerting signals

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15
Q

Are adults often resistive to HAT?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is part of the audiologists job in regards to HAT?

A

To help client use technology without it being too burdensome

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17
Q

Can HAT be used for Personal Amplification?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Can HAT be used for Large-Area Amplification?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Can HAT be used for Telecommunication Options?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Can HAT provide Signaling/Alerting Devices?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Can HAT assist with Computer Technology?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Can HAT be used for Speech-to-Text Transcriptions?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What is the biggest difficulty faced by individual’s with sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Hearing Loss in Noise

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24
Q

What determine the difficulty faced with Hearing Loss in Noise?

A

Difficulty depends on both the individual and listening environment

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25
Q

What does SNR stand for?

A

Signal to Noise Ratio

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26
Q

What is an Adverse SNR?

A

The noise is louder than the signal

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27
Q

What four major factors influence speech perception, SNR, and thus, the quality of the speech signal?

A

Hearing loss

Background noise

Reverberation

Distance

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28
Q

Why is noise so difficult for the hearing impaireed?

A

Signal to Noise Ratio!

Similarity between the desired signal (speaker) vs. the undesired signal (background noise)

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29
Q

“Noise cannot be defined as a specific spectrum, nor has noise any specific, constant characteristic(s), which can be used to separate it physically from a ______. Noise is a moment-to-moment, qualitative, personal decision for everyone.” (May, Larsen and Warland, 1998)

A

Desired signal

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30
Q

What is the goal of Assistive Listening Devices?

1+4

A

To improve the SNR by….

Amplifying speech

Minimizing background noise and its effects

Reducing distance between listener and speaker

Reducing effects of reverberation

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31
Q

What are the classes of ALDs?

A

Wireless

Hardwired

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32
Q

What are the types of Wireless ALDs?

4

A

FM systems

Infrared Systems

Induction Loop

Bluetooth

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33
Q

What technology do FM Systems use?

A

Radio waves, frequency modulated

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34
Q

What technology do Infrared Systems use?

A

Infrared Light

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35
Q

What technology do Induction Loops use?

3

A

Electromagnetic transmission

Must have a T-Coil in hearing aid/ CI

Can put a loop around a whole room or have a loop you wear around the neck

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36
Q

Can you put a Bluetooth system in hearing aid?

A

No. Bluetooth devices interface with HA via t-loop allowing use with most hearing aids

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37
Q

Do several HA companies makes Bluetooth transmitters to work with TV and landline phones? What are the names of those companies?

(3)

A

Siemens

Oticon

Phonak

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38
Q

What are the Advantages of Bluetooth Systems?

5

A

Wireless

Short range transmission

Low power, low cost, secure, robust signal

Devices must be paired

Signal will penetrate solid objects. It is all about distance and the pairing

39
Q

What are the Disadvantages to Bluetooth Systems?

3

A

Bluetooth is too large to place inside hearing aids/cochlear implants today

Must have a “gateway device” to transfer the bluetooth signal to a different form (FM signal, induction loop) to be received by a hearing aid/cochlear implant

Will not yet replace FM or infrared for use in large areas like auditoriums

40
Q

Are Personal Wireless FM ALDs even better than digital hearing aids with directional microphones?

A

Yes

41
Q

Personal Wireless FM ALDs offer up to ______ improvement in SNR.

A

15-20 dB

42
Q

What does 0 SNR mean?

A

That the signal & noise are the same

43
Q

What does +10 SNR mean?

A

That the signal is 10 dB louder than the noise

44
Q

What does -10 SNR mean?

A

That the signal is 10 dB softer than the noise

45
Q

Every ______ of SNR improvement = ______ improvement in speech understanding.

A

1 dB

10%

46
Q

Is it exhausting to listen without a good SNR ratio?

A

Yes

47
Q

What are the components in Wireless ALDs?

4

A

Microphone

Transmitter

Receiver

Coupler

48
Q

What do the Microphone and Transmitter do?

A

Picks up sound waves and converts to an electrical signal

Sends sound via FM carrier signal, Infrared light, or electromagnetic energy to receiver

49
Q

What does the Receiver do?

A

Receiver converts energy back to sound, electromagnetic energy, or electrical signal (Depends of type of Coupler)

50
Q

What does the Coupler do?

A

It’s the connection to the Ear

51
Q

What are some ALD Choices?

4

A

Headphones

Neckloop

HA shoe

Direct connect cables

52
Q

Can an FM system travel through walls?

A

Yes

53
Q

What are two advantages to using T-coils?

A

No feedback!

Cuts out background noise

54
Q

What are some disadvantages to using T-coils?

3

A

Interference from electromagnetic sources

Gain tends to be weaker

Frequency response (sound quality) of HA may be different than other listening programs

55
Q

How Does an Induction Loop Work?

4

A

A sound system or a stand-alone microphone delivers audio to a hearing induction loop driver.

The loop driver is connected to a thin wire (the loop) that is installed around the area where users will need to pick of the signal. The loop driver converts sound into electrical energy that travels through the loop wire.

The loop wire then produces a magnetic field and any t-coil (or telephone coil) within this field will be able to convert the magnetic signal back into sound.

Any area inside this loop is part of the “loop field” and if designed and installed correctly will have a strong, even magnetic field within it.

56
Q

Is there a limit to the number of t-coil receivers that can use the one magnetic signal?

A

No

57
Q

What is a Direct Audio Input (DAI)?

A

Hard wired system

The user plugs external devices directly into the hearing aid

58
Q

What are some advantages to DAIs?

3

A

Usually less interference than with T-coils (computers and some machinery create electromagnetic energy which the T-coil can pick up)

Clearer sound quality

Less distortion due to less transferring of sound energy

59
Q

What are some Disadvantages to DAIs?

A

The user is “hardwired” to the device

In addition to having the internal capabilities in the hearing aid, one needs to have the correct cord

60
Q

Why are Soundfield FM Systems not as popular anymore?

A

They are big, bulky, and a lot of work

61
Q

How does a Soundfield FM System work?

A

Uses a mic and loud speakers

62
Q

Where do the speakers often sit when a soundfield FM system is used in the classroom?

A

On the student’s desk

63
Q

What sorts of students might use an FM soundfield system?

4

A

Mild or unilateral HL

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Learning Disability

ADD/ADHD

64
Q

What types of FM soundfield systems are there?

4

A

Classroom system

Portable Speakers

Mounted speakers

Desktop system

65
Q

How do Infrared Systems work?

A

Uses invisible light waves to transmit sound from the IR transmitter connected to the sound source (TV/radio) to an IR receiver worn by the listener

66
Q

What types of infrared receivers are there?

A

IR receiver can be an under-the-chin style or used with a headphone/neckloop

67
Q

Can infrared systems penetrate walls?

A

No The receiver must maintain a line of sight to the transmitter because the IR beam cannot penetrate barriers

68
Q

How are infrared systems powered?

A

IR transmitter is AC-powered therefore portability is restricted

69
Q

Can infrared systems work outside?

A

No. IR cannot work in sunlight

70
Q

Where are infrared systems often used?

3

A

Indoor auditoriums

Movie theaters

TV (at home)

71
Q

What are some advantages to IR systems?

A

No radio frequency interference

Private

72
Q

What are some disadvantages to IR systems?

A

Chin-bar receivers are awkward

Line of sight transmission is necessary

Susceptible to sunlight interference

73
Q

What are Hard Wired Systems?

A

One-on-one communicators

Cord connects device to HA / CI

74
Q

What are some advantages to hard wired systems?

A

Maintains integrity of HA frequency response

No interference with telecoil

75
Q

What are some disadvantages to hard wired systems?

A

Cord connection

Hardwired Devices Independent of HA/CI

76
Q

What are some factors that can influence ALD selection?

6

A

Degree of HL

Type of hearing aid

Listening environment

Device features

Cost

Needs and preferences of the listener

77
Q

How can an individuals Degree of HL affect their ALD options?

A

Do they have any speech recognition

78
Q

How does an individual’s type of hearing aid influence ALD options?

A

Hearing aids have different features

79
Q

How does an individuals’s listening environment influence ALD choices?

A

What is the client’s life like?

Do we actually have the means to solve a client’s wants?

80
Q

What does Other Hearing Assistive Technology refer to?

A

Technology that is not sound amplification

81
Q

What sort of HAT is Harkins Movie Theatre now using?

A

Rear Window Captions

82
Q

What are four methods of Speech-to-Text Transcription?

4

A

CART

C-Print

Computer Assisted Note Taking

Voice Recognition Software

83
Q

What does CART stand for?

A

Computer Assisted Real Time Translations

84
Q

What is CART?

3

A

Stenographic machine connected to a computer (Typist is needed)

Software converts stenographic code into English text

Doesn’t just record the lecture but the other students as well

85
Q

What is C-Print?

A

Spoken English is typed using a computer

Abbreviations and condensed text: plez klen the kcn

86
Q

What is Computer Assisted Notetaking?

A

Summary of spoken English is typed on computer

No special training require

87
Q

What is needed with Voice Recognition Software?

A

Requires training the software to recognize an individual’s speech

88
Q

What is the goal of Signaling devices?

A

To provide alternative method of being alerted to environmental sounds

89
Q

What are three types of Alerting Stimuli?

A

Visual

Auditory

Vibrotactile

90
Q

What are is the most common type of Visual Alerting Stimuli?

A

Flashing light/strobe

91
Q

What is the are some types of Auditory Alerting Stimuli?

3

A

Louder volume

Different pitch

Remote receivers to bring sound closer

92
Q

What are some types of Vibrotactile Alerting Stimuli?

3

A

Body worn vibrators

Pillow vibrators

Vibrating pagers

93
Q

What are some issues to consider when choosing alerting stimuli?

(4)

A

What types of sounds need to be monitored?

How many sounds need to be monitored?

Preferred alerting mode?

Where do monitored sounds occur?

94
Q

What are some issues to consider when Choosing ALDs?

5

A

Degree of hearing loss

Compatibility with exisiting phone

Compatibility with existing hearing aids

Presence/absence of a t-coil on HA.CI

Portability, flexibility, & cost

Aural Rehab Lectures (8 decks)

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