10.4: Investigating Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes features of a species to change

A

Changes in DNA

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2
Q

What does comparisons of genetic diversity between and within a species enable scientists to do

A

Determine evolutionary relationships between them

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3
Q

What are the 4 ways in which comparisons can be made

A
  1. Comparison of observable characteristics
  2. Comparison of DNA base sequences
  3. Comparison of the base sequence of mRNA
  4. Comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins
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4
Q

What is the comparison of observable characteristics based on

A

That each observable characteristic is determined by a gene or genes (with environmental influences)

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5
Q

What causes variety of a characteristic

A

The variety of the alleles for that gene

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6
Q

Why is comparison of observable characteristics limited

A
  1. A large number of characteristics are coded for by more than one gene (polygenic)
  2. Characteristics can also be changed by environmental differences
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7
Q

How is the comparison of DNA base sequences carried out

A

By tagging each nucleotide base with different coloured fluorescent dyes

Genetic diversity can then be measured by comparing one species with another

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8
Q

What will the DNA of an organism that has given rise to another be like compared to the organism it has given rise to

A

The DNA sequence will initially be very similar to the OG species. However, due to mutations, the nucleotide base sequence will change and more differences will show.

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9
Q

What does more similarities in base sequence mean

A

That species are more closely related

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10
Q

How can comaprisons be made by mRNA base sequences

A

mRNA is coded for by DNA, therefore DNA diversity can be measured and therefore genetic diversity

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11
Q

How can comparisons be made by an amino acid sequence

A

Amino acid sequences are determined by mRNA which is in turn determined by DNA.

Similar amino acid = more closely related

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