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NSW EXW Core > 104 - Expeditionary First Aid > Flashcards

104 - Expeditionary First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “immediate” TCCC triage category?

A

red tag, life-saving Sx req. w/chance of living

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2
Q

What is the Tx for Abdominal wound?

A
  • requires emergency Sx
  • Tx all other wounds
  • cover and keep moist any protruding organs
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3
Q

What is the Tx for Eye injuries?

A
  • assess eyes (PEARRL: Pupils Equal And Round, Regular in size, and react to Light)
  • if possible, remove foreign object and flush the eye. (if object can’t be removed, cover with dressing and MEDEVAC)
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4
Q

What is line 4 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 4: Special equipment (A-none, B-hoist, C-extraction equipment, D-ventilator)

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5
Q

What is the Tx for Head wound?

A 
- headache, double vision, loss of consciousness)
Closed:
- Tx for shock and MEDEVAC
Open:
- Tx wound
- check for responsiveness 
- MEDEVAC
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6
Q

What are the types of burns?

A
  • thermal
  • electric
  • chemical (flush with H2O and Tx as reg burn)
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7
Q

Cause/Tx of Cardiac Arrest

A 
Cause: 
- the heart stops pumping due to...
- shock (electric, hypovolemic, vasogenic, etc)
- heart failure
Tx:
- CPR
- AED defibrillator
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8
Q

What does MIST stand for and why is it used?

A 
M - mechanism of injury
I - injury type
S - signs and symptoms
T - treatment given
- a report given upon 9-line MEDEVAC to denote Tx already provided.
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9
Q

What is the “delayed” TCCC triage category?

A

yellow tag, time-consuming or delayed Sx

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10
Q

Describe capillary bleeding.

A
  • bleeding from capillaries
  • dark red blood
  • slowly oozes out
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11
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Shock:

A

Symptoms: pale/blotchy/blue/clammy skin, nervous, confusion, fast or shallow breathing, thirsty, N/V.
Tx: move to cover, out of sun, lay on back, elevate legs unless head/stomach wound or the leg is broken.

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12
Q

When is it appropriate to use tourniquet?

A
  • as a last resort, if pressure dressing is not effective
  • use if the only way to save life
  • don’t loosen once applied
  • mark time applied and “T” on a forehead
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13
Q

Describe 1st Degree Burn.

A
  • outer layer of epidermis effected

- skin pink or red

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14
Q

What is line 5 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 5: Number of patients by type (A-letterborne, B-ambulatory)

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15
Q

Cause/Tx of Burns

A 
Cause: (called scald if from a wet source)
- fire
- chemicals
- electric current
Tx: (depends on the degree of the burn and Rule of 9s assessment)
- 1st Degree: cold compress, ointment
- 2nd Degree: dressing, ATB, pain med
- 3rd: Degree: dressing, IV, ATB 
(may not have pain due to nurse damage)
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16
Q

What is line 8 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 8: Patients nationality and status (A-US Mil, B-US Civ, C-non US Mil, D-non US Civ, E-EWP)

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17
Q

Describe 3rd Degree Burn.

A
  • burn through dermis into muscle, fat and bone
  • may not have pain due to nerve damage
  • skin charred black and will be scarred
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18
Q

Describe venous bleeding.

A
  • bleeding from veins
  • dark red blood
  • even and steady flow
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19
Q

Cause/Tx of Fractures

A 
Cause:
- jump landing
- blasts
- GSW
Tx:
Closed/Simple
- immobilize with splint (get to MTF)
Open/Compound
- Tx wound and cover with bandage
- immobilize with splint (get to MTF)
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20
Q

What is line 1 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 1: Grid coordinates of pick up location

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21
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Heat exhaustion.

A 
Symptoms:
- dizziness
- N/V
- heavy sweating
- cold, clammy, pale skin
- weak, rapid pulse
- muscle cramps
- headache
Tx: 
- drink cold water
- move to cool area
- lay down and elevate legs
- remove tight and heavy clothing
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22
Q

What are the steps of Tactical Field Care?

A
  • secure and establish Casualty Collection Point (CCP) for triage and Tx.
  • Tx patients in this order MARCH PAWS
    M - massive hemorrhage
    A - airway
    R - respiration
    C - chest
    H - head/hypothermia

P - pain
A - antibiotics
W - wound
S - splint

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23
Q

Describe 2nd Degree Burn.

A
  • burn through epidermis
  • blisters (don’t pop)
  • sever pain
24
Q

What is the “minimal” TCCC triage category?

A

green tag, minor injuries, self/buddy Tx

25
Q

What is the “expectant” TCCC triage category?

A

black tag, extensive wounds, unlikely to survive in ideal MTF

26
Q

What is line 6 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 6: Number & types of wounds (peacetime); Security of pickup site (wartime: N-no EPAX, P-poss. EPAX, E-EPAX, X-armed escort req.)

27
Q

The is it appropriate to use indirect pressure?

A
  • used in conjunction with direct pressure and elevation, but no pressure dressing.
  • apply on the pressure point next to the effected extremity (located between the heart and the wound).
28
Q

What is included in 9 Line report?

A

Line 1: Grid coordinates of pick up location
Line 2: Radio Frequency and Callsign
Line 3: Patient precedence (A-urgent, B-urgent Sx, C-priority, D-routine, E-convinient)
Line 4: Special equipment (A-none, B-hoist, C-extraction equipment, D-ventilator)
Line 5: Number of patients by type (A-letterborne, B-ambulatory)
Line 6: Number & types of wounds (peacetime); Security of pickup site (wartime: N-no EPAX, P-poss. EPAX, E-EPAX, X-armed escort req.)
Line 7: Type of signal that will be used to ID the pickup site
Line 8: Patients nationality and status (A-US Mil, B-US Civ, C-non US Mil, D-non US Civ, E-EWP)
Line 9: Terrain (peacetime) CBR Contamination (wartime: N-nuclear, C-chemical, B-biological)

29
Q

When is it appropriate to use pressure dressing?

A
  • when direct pressure doesn’t help.

- apply firmly but not tourniquet tight.

30
Q

What are the pressure points?

A
  • temporal
  • facial
  • carotid
  • subclavian
  • brachial
  • radial
  • femoral
  • popliteal
31
Q

Describe arterial bleeding.

A
  • bleeding from an artery
  • bright red blood
  • gushing out in spurts with a heartbeat
    (if the wound is deep, blood will flow more steady but in large amounts and fast)
32
Q

State the purpose of First Aid.

A
  • prevent further injury
  • prevent infection
  • prevent death
33
Q

Cause/Tx of Asphyxiation

A 
Cause:
- too little O2
- too much CO2
- too much CO
- obstructed airway
- drowning
- collapsed lung
- strangulation
Tx: Open airway and O2
34
Q

Discuss transporting victim using Arm carry.

A
  • used for victim smaller than rescuer and not severely wounded.
35
Q

What is the Tx for Chest wound?

A
  • establish and maintain ABCs
  • clean and dress the wound
  • if lung collapsed, insert the needle at a 90* angle into 2nd intercostal space (between 2nd and 3rd rib)
  • if pt has flail area, STABILIZE with dressing/pillow/pad
  • place in a semi-sitting position
36
Q

What is line 2 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 2: Radio Frequency and Callsign

37
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Heat cramps.

A 
Symptoms:
- cramps
Tx: 
- give cold water
- direct pressure or massage the muscle, and stretch.
38
Q

What are the TCCC triage categories?

A
  • minimal (green tag, minor injuries, self/buddy Tx)
  • delayed (yellow tag, time-consuming or delayed Sx)
  • immediate (red tag, life-saving Sx req. w/chance of living)
  • expectant (black tag, extensive wounds, unlikely to survive in ideal MTF)
39
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Frostbite.

A

Symptoms:
- ice crystal formation on skin and deep tissue in Temp below 32 Degrees F.
Tx:
- re-warm by immersion into warm water, skin-to-skin, warm bottle.
- bandage, warm and clean

40
Q

Cause/Tx of Hemorrhaging

A 
Cause: 
- amputation
- GSW
- knife wound
Tx:
- direct pressure dressing
- pressure points
- tourniquet
41
Q

What is the Rule of 9s for Burn victim?

A
  • The rule of 9s assesses the % of burn.
  • used to guide Tx decisions
  • head/arm/chest/stomach/upper back/lower back - 9%
  • leg - 18%
  • groin - 1%
42
Q

Discuss transporting victim using Fireman carry.

A
  • use when victim is unconscious or unable to walk.
43
Q

When is it appropriate to use direct pressure?

A

on any type of wound, except for open Fx or suspected Fx present)

44
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Heat stroke.

A 
Symptoms:
- throbbing H/A
- dizziness 
- uneven pupils
- N/V
- confusion 
- muscle weakness or cramps
- rapid heartbeat 
- rapid shallow breathing
- body Temp over 105*
- hot, flush, dry skin
Tx:
- cool with damp towels or ice pack to groin, armpits, neck and back
- move to a cold area
- MEDEVAC
45
Q

What are the types of Facial wounds?

A
  • abrasion
  • contusion
  • laceration
  • avulsion (tearing of tissue from body part)
46
Q

What is line 7 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 7: Type of signal that will be used to ID the pickup site

47
Q

Symptoms and Tx of Hypothermia.

A 
Symptoms: 
- shivering 
- slurred speech
- shallow and slow breathing
- confusion
- indifference to surroundings
- death if Temp below 80*
Tx: 
- warm, dry cloths
- warm bath
- deep breathing
48
Q

Discuss transporting victim using Blanket drag.

A
  • used when victim is larger than rescuer
49
Q

Discuss transporting victim using Stokes stretcher.

A
  • used for water-based rescue
50
Q

What are the steps in Care Under Fire?

A
  1. Return fire.
  2. Tx major bleeding by applying a tourniquet.
  3. Move from the “X”, Tx patient and continue the mission.
51
Q

What is line 3 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 3: Patient precedence (A-urgent, B-urgent Sx, C-priority, D-routine, E-convinient)

52
Q

What is the special gauze used in the field to aid in control of bleeding?

A

Combat gauze

53
Q

What is line 9 in a 9-line MEDEVAC?

A

Line 9: Terrain (peacetime) CBR Contamination (wartime: N-nuclear, C-chemical, B-biological)

54
Q

Cause/Tx for Shock

A

Cause/Tx:

  • anaphylactic/EPI-pen
  • hypovolemic/fluids, keep warm, legs up
  • vasogenic/fluids, legs up, away from sun
  • cardiogenic/CPR
  • neurogenic/cool(warm), fluids, laying
  • septic/MEDEVAC
55
Q

What are the two type of Tactical Evacuation?

A

MEDEVAC - Medical evacuation to a Hospital or HQ

CASEVAC - Casualty eval. from one place to another.

NSW EXW Core (14 decks)

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