10.3 Cystic Diseases Of The Kidney Flashcards
What is the inheritance pattern of polycystic kidney disease?
Autosomal dominant
What are the risk factors of developing acquired polycystic disease?
Dialysis resulting in kidney cysts
What is the common inherited nephropathy?
Polycystic kidney disease
When does polycystic kidney disease present?
30-40 years of age
What are the presenting symptoms of polycystic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Acute loin pain
Haematuria
Bilateral palpable kidneys
Where do cysts develop in the kidney?
Anywhere in the kidney
What are the contents on cysts of the kidney?
Initially yellow fluid
Collect with blood later
Why is kidney function impaired in polycystic kidney disease?
As cysts compress surrounding parenchyma and impair renal function. Can cause CKD
Where other that the kidneys can people develop cysts?
In the liver
How do the kidney appear macroscopically in PKD?
kidneys are large with yellow fluid-filled cysts replacing the parenchyma
Haemorrhages into the cysts can occur
How do cyst appear microscopically?
Lined with cuboidal epithelium
Why is haematuria a symptom of PKD?
As blood filled cysts in kidney can rupture, releasing blood into the urinary tract
How is polycystic kidney disease diagnosed?
Ultrasound or CT scan shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts
How does polycystic kidney disease cause mortality and morbidity?
Causes hypertension which leads to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease
Condition also leads to progressive CKD
Can also develop berry aneurysms in the brain
How is polycystic kidney disease treated?
Treatment involves controlling BP
Dialysis and renal transplant needed if end-stage renal failure develops
