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FMF CORE > 102 USMC History, Rank Structure, and Courtesies > Flashcards

102 USMC History, Rank Structure, and Courtesies Flashcards

1
Q

10 NOV 1775

A

The Marine Corps was created in Philadelphia Pennsylvania at Tun Tavern by a resolution of congress

Raised two battalions of Marines

Captain Samuel Nicholas was the Commander
(First Commandant of the Marine Corps)

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2
Q

1834

A

Marines came under the Department of the Navy

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3
Q

1776

A

First Marine landing took place during Revolutionary War

New Providence Island in the Bahamas; seized guns and supplies.

Uniform of the day had a stiff collar stock aka Leatherneck

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4
Q

1805

A

Marines stormed the Barbary Pirates stronghold at
Burma on the Shores of Tripoli

Marines raise the Stars and Stripes for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere

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5
Q

1847

A

Mexican War occupied the Halls of Montezuma during the Battle of Chapultapec in Mexico City.

First US troops to enter the Capital

Marines also helped take California

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6
Q

1859

A

Under the command of Col Robert E Lee,

Marines Storm the United States arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to stop a slave revolt lead by abolitionist John Brown

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7
Q

1868

A

Marine Corps adopted the EGA.

Brigadere General Jacob Zelin, modified the British Royal Marine emblem to depict Marines as American and Maritime

Eagle stands for Nation
Globe Stands for worldwide service
Anchor stands for Sea Traditions

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8
Q

1883

A

Marine Corps motto “Semper Fidelis”, Latin for “Always faithful was adopted.

AKA abbrev. Semper Fi

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9
Q

1900

A

Boxer Rebellion

Marines defend the American Legation in Peking, China

Protected Legation Quarter with a small defense force

Held out against the Boxers until relief came.

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10
Q

1913

A

The Marine Corps aviation unit established.

Major Alfred A. Cunningham was the first Marine pilot.

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11
Q

1917

A

Marines land in France and distinguish themselves in 8 operations to earn decorations such as the French Fourragere

This is still worn by members of the 5th and 6th Marines

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12
Q

1933

A

Marines reorganized as the Fleet Marine Force

Marine Corps Equipment Board established at Quantico, Virginia

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13
Q

1965

A

Marines Land in Southern Vietnam which committed them to the longest war in history

Marines also landed in the Dominican Republic to evacuate US citizens from an attempted coup

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14
Q

1982

A

Marines deployed to Lebanon as part of a multinational peacekeeping force to restore peace and order.

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15
Q

23 October 1983 (Related to Lebanon)

A

A suicide truck bomb attack on the HQ killed 241 Americans and wounded 70

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16
Q

July 1984 (Related to Lebanon)

A

Last Marine unit withdrew.

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17
Q

1991

A

Operations Desert storm launched

Marines liberate Kuwait using massive airstrikes followed by ground forces.

18
Q

2001

A

Operation Enduring Freedom which was the official name used by the US GOV for the Afghan War along with three smaller military actions called the GWOT.

Early combat ops including land and carrier based strikes signaled the start of O.E.F

19
Q

2003

A

The Invasion of Iraq

From March 20 - May 1 2003 (this date is asked on boards)

Led by the US, the UK, and smaller contingents from Australia and Poland

20
Q

April 2004

A

The Battle of Fallujah

Codename: Operation Vigilant Resolve

An unsuccessful attempt by the US to capture the city of Fallujah in April 2004.

21
Q

December 2004

A

The Second Battle of Fallujah

Codename: Operation Al-Fajr (arabic for “the dawn”)
and also Operation Phantom Fury

Joint US- Iraqi-British offensive in NOV/DEC 2004

Led by USMC against Iraqi Insurgency

22
Q

Battle of Belleu Wood

A

Marines crush the German forces at Belleau Wood in WWI.

French renamed the area The Wood of the Brigade of Marines” to honor the Marines

Germans evaluated them as Storm Troops, highest rating on the enemy fighting scale.

They called them Teufelhunden or Devil Dogs

23
Q

Battle of Guadalcanal

A

7 August 1942

1st Marine Division landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands

Launched the 1st US Land Offensive of World War 2

1st combat test of the new amphibious doctrine and landings in the Solomon Islands

24
Q

Battle of Tarawa

A

Japanese commander in the Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands said that it would take Americans 100 years to conquer it.

On November 20 1943, Marines landed and secured the island in 76 hours.

Heavy marine losses from enemy fire and drowning since they were offloaded hundreds of yards from the beach due to extended reefs.

25
Q

Battle of Mariana Islands

A

Mariana Islands were invaded due to the need for airfields by the Air Force and Advanced bases for the Navy.

Under Lieutenant General Holland Smith, 136,000 troops landed in Saipan, Guam, Tinian (SGT) on June and July 1943.

Greatest number of troops at that time under a Marine command.

26
Q

Battle of Iwo Jima

A

19 February 1945

Largest and Bloodiest all marine battle in USMC history.

23,300 casualties

Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said “ uncommon valor was a common virtue on Iwo Island.”

27
Q

Battle of Chosin Reservoir

A

Faced 10 chinese division forces on NOV 1950

Marines smashed 7 enemy divisions in the march to the Chosin Reservoir.

Important They were able to bring out all their equipment and evacuated their wounded and dead while still maintaining tactical integrity.

28
Q

Battle of Hue City

A

During the Vietnamese holiday of TET in JAN 1968,
North Vietnamese Army launched a suprise offensive and occupied Hue City using MOUT. (Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain)

Secured the City in 25 Feb 1968

29
Q

Archibald Henderson

A

Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became Commandant from 1820-1859

is often called the Grand Old Man of the MArine Corps

Raised the standards on personal appearance, training, discipline.

30
Q

John Quick

A

SGT Major won the Medal of Honor for semaphoring(signaling) for an emergency lift of naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire at Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay)

31
Q

Dan Daly

A

SGT Major who earned 2 Medals of Honor

Initials = D.D— 2 D’s , 2 Medals of Honor

1) Boxer Rebellion
2) First Caco War

when his unit was pinned down in the Battle of Belleu Wood, he yelled “Come on you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever!?”

32
Q

Louis B “Chesty” Puller

A

LT GEN Puller and his Marines scoured the Jungles of Nicaragua to the Honduran border engaging enemies

Known as the Tiger of the Mountains

The Marine Corps Mascot bulldog is named Chesty in his honor

33
Q

Gregory R “Pappy Boyington

A

Commanded the VMH-214 Black Sheep during WW2

Recognized as the top ranking flying ace with 28 kills.

34
Q

Ira H Hayes

A

A Pima indian

One of the marines to raise the second flag on Mount Suribachi on 23 FEB 1945

Part of 5th amphibious corp

35
Q

Opha Mae Jonson

A

Marine Corp’s First Enlisted woman on 13AUG1918

Marine Reserve F was the official title for enlisted woman at the time

Better known as “skirt marines” or “marinettes”

36
Q

Margaret A Brewer

A

Served as Director of Women Marines during the period 1973-1977.

Became the Marine Corps first woman General in May 1978

37
Q

Robert E. Bush

A
  • *Youngest Sailor to Receive the Medal of Honor during WW2.**
  • Can’t grow a BUSH when you’re young”

While assisting other wounded marines, he exposed himself to render aid to a wounded Marine Officer while receiving fire from the japanese.

Courageously fired back with one hand while holding a life saving plasma bottle in the other hand.

Despite his own serious injuries, continued to provide aid until his PT was evacuated.

38
Q

John H Bradely

A

Pharmacist Mate Second Class

Second Figure from the right in the iconic Joe Rosenthal photo where 5 marines raised OLD GLORY at MT Suribachi on Feb 23, 1945.

On Feb 21, he rushed to a wounded Marine through mortar barrage and heavy machine gun fire

Refused help from his comrades and told them to stay back.

Shielded the Marine with his own body, he administered a unit of plasma and bandaged his wounds.

Pulled the marine 30 yards to safety through gunfire.

Received the NAVY CROSS

39
Q

Robert R Ingram

A

Medal of Honor

Crawled across the battlefield to a downed Marine when hearing “Corpsman!”

Continued through fire-swept landscape he continued aid and received 4wounds one being life threatening.

Disregarding his own injuries, continued to respond to calls for aid.

From 1600 to almost sunset, in the face of death and pain from his many wounds..Ingram push, pulled, cajoled, and doctored his Marines.

40
Q

Rendering Salutes, Honors, Ranks

*You should already know these to begin with. Study and read over in your manual”

A

See Manual

FMF CORE (9 decks)

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