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Hematology > 10.12.18 Ehrilichiosis/Anaplasmosis > Flashcards

10.12.18 Ehrilichiosis/Anaplasmosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are bacteria diseases and vector?

A

Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis

Tick

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2
Q

What are protozoa diseases and vectors?

A

Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis

Sand fly, Tsetse fly/Reduvlid bug

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3
Q

Human diseases with an animal reservoir

A

Zoonoses

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4
Q

What is the cycle of vector-borne transmission?

A
  1. Infected host
  2. Intrinsic incubation period
  3. Infectious host
  4. Vector
  5. Extrinsic incubation perion
  6. Infectious vector
  7. Grace period
  8. Humans
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5
Q

Infects monocytes and causes human monocytic ehrlichioisis (HME)

A

Ehrlichia chafeensis

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6
Q

infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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7
Q

Infect red blood cells and liver cells

A

Malaria species

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8
Q

Infects RBC

A

Babesia microti

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9
Q

Infects monocytes and macrophages

A

Trypanosoma species

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10
Q

Infect macrophages and reticuloendothelial cells

A

Leishmania species

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11
Q

Which obligate intracellular pathogen infects monocytes?

A

Ehrlichia

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12
Q

Which obligate intracellular pathogen infects neutrophils?

A

Anaplasma

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13
Q

What family do Ehrlichia and Anaplasma belong to?

A

Rickettsiae

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14
Q

infects endothelial cells and causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

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15
Q

Where does Ehrlichia chaffeensis infect, when, and what are the risk factors?

A
  1. Southeast to South central US
  2. Spring and Summer
  3. Hiking, Exposure to Wildlife
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16
Q

What is the vector, animal reservoir, and other routes of transmission for ehrlichia chaffeensis?

A
  1. Tick
  2. White tail deer, dogs, coyotes
  3. Maternal child, blood transfusion, contact with slaughtered deer
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17
Q

What would you see in blood smear with human monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

Monocyte with characteristic morulae

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18
Q

How would you diagnose human monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A
  1. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
  2. Peripheral blood
  3. PCR
  4. Immunochemical staining in tissues
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19
Q

What does anaplasma phagocytophillium infect?

A

PMNs

20
Q

Where does anaplasma phagocytophillium infect, when, and what are the risk factors

A
  1. Upper midwest and northeast US
  2. Spring and summer (can be all year)
  3. Hiking, Exposure to wildlife
21
Q

Which bacteria has a high seroprevalence so its likely there are lots of asymptomatic transmission?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophillium

22
Q

What is the vector, animal reservoir, and other routes of transmission for anaplasma phagocytophillium?

A
  1. Tick
  2. Deer, Rodents/small mammals
  3. Person-to-person, blood transfusion, Nosocomial
23
Q

How would you diagnose human granulocytic anaplasmosis?

A
  1. Morulae in PMN
  2. PCR
  3. Serology
24
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of ehrlichioisis and anaplasmosis?

A
  • Asymptomatic to chronic infection

- Typically acute febrile illness

25
Q

Which bacteria is more life threatening?

A

Anaplasmosis

26
Q

What is the treatment for ehrlichiois and anaplasmosis?

A

Use antibiotics early with suggestive clinical presentation

Specifically Doxycycline/Tetracycline because it can get inside cells

27
Q

Motile, feeding, reproducing forms of protozoa

A

Throphozoites

28
Q

Flagellated forms of protoazoa

A

-mastigotes

29
Q

Sexual stages of protoazoa

A
  1. Merozoites
  2. Schizonts
  3. Gametes
  4. Oocysts
30
Q

Where is Babesiosis (Babesia microti) found and what are risk factors?

A

Northeast and upper midwest

Hiking, Exposure to wildlife

31
Q

What is the vector, animal reservoir, and routes of transmission for babesia microti?

A

Tick

White-footed mice

Blood transfusion, congenital (rare)

32
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of babesiosis?

A
  • Asymptomatic or flu like
  • Dark urine/hemolytic anemia
  • Life threatening in
    1. Patients w/o spleen
    2. Immunocompromised
    3. Advanced age
33
Q

How can you diagnose Babesia?

A
  1. Merozoite tetrad in blood smear (can be difficult to distinguish from plasmodium)
  2. Serology (IFA)
  3. PCR
34
Q

What are two different types of Leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Visceral leishmaniasis

2. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

35
Q
  • Intracellular pathogens of the macrophage
  • Sand fly insect vector
  • Diverse group of protozoan parasites
A

Leishmaniases

36
Q

What is the vector, animal reservoir, and other routes of transmission for Leishmaniasis?

A

Female sand flies

Small rodents/other mammals; human reservoir in some regions

Blood transfusion, IV Drug use, Needle sharing, Congenital

37
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Weight loss
  3. Swelling of spleen and liver
  4. Anemia
  5. Fatality
  6. Post-kala-azar manifestations
38
Q

How do you diagnose leishmaniasis?

A
  1. Bone marrow/splenic aspirate to detect amastigotes in macrophage
  2. Serology
39
Q

What does each amastigote in Leishmania have?

A
  1. Nucleus

2. Kinetoplast- rod shaped

40
Q

What is another term for African trypanosomiasis and what causes it?

A

Sleeping sickness

T. Brucei

41
Q

What is another term for American trypanosomiasis

A

Chagas disease

T. Cruzi

42
Q

What is the vector, animal reservoir, and other routes of transmission for chagas disease?

A

Reduviid bug- bites then poops

Aramadillos, raccoons, dogs, guinea pigs, rats

Blood transfusion, congenital

43
Q

What are clinical manifestations for chagas disease?

A

Asymptomatic or flu like

Classic Romana’s sign- swelling of eyelids

May develop myocarditis; death due to cardiac pathology

44
Q

How do you diagnose chagas disease?

A
  1. Blood smear to detect extracellular trypomastigotes in acute infection
  2. Bone marrow aspirate or muscle biopsy to detect intracellular amastigotes in chronic infection
  3. Serology
45
Q

What is the vector for T. Brucei?

A

Tsetse fly

Hematology (23 decks)

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