10.09.18 Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Where does hematopoiesis occur from birth to 4 years?

Where does it occur in adulthood?

Answer 1

All marrow cavities

Axial skeleton and proximal long bones

Question 2

What are the essential components of hematopoiesis?

Answer 2

Stem cells, Stromal (fat cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts), Growth factors (cytokines, growth factors, interferons)

Question 3

What are the non-lineage specific growth factors that act on pleuripotent and multipotential stem cells to initiate self-renewal and differentiation

Answer 3

1. IL-3

2. GM-CSF

Question 4

What are the lineage specific growth factors that act on committed progenitor cells, involved in differentiation and maturation of blood cells

Answer 4

1. G-CSF
2. M-CSF
3. IL-5
4. EPO
5. TPO

Question 5

proliferation to produce more stem cells

Answer 5

Self-renewal

Question 6

production of highly specialized mature cell types, and from there produce more developmentally restricted cells (progenitor cells)

Answer 6

Differentiation

Question 7

What cells undergo self-renewal and differentiation?

Answer 7

Pluripotent stem cell (PPSC)

Question 8

this cell has the capability of differentiating into either lymphoid or myeloid (non-lymphoid) cells

Answer 8

Multipotential cell

Question 9

this cell is committed to a cell lineage; progressive restriction in developmental potential ensures a tremendous amplification in cell numbers

Answer 9

Progenitor cells

Question 10

These cells develop into mature cells of the various cell types and exhibit morphological characteristics specific to their lineage

Answer 10

Precursor cells

Question 11

What is the order of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation?

Answer 11

Multipotential –> Progenitor cells –> Precursor cells

Question 12

What is the order for erythropoiesis?

Answer 12

1. Proerythroblast
2. Basophilic erythroblast
3. Polychromatophilic erythroblast
4. Orthochromatophilic erythroblast
5. Reticulocyte
6. Mature RBC

Question 13

What is the order for granulopoiesis?

Answer 13

1. Myeloblast
2. Promyelocyte
3. Myelocyte
4. Metamyelocyte
5. Band cell
6. Neutrophil

Question 14

What cell matures into monocytes?

Answer 14

Monoblasts

Question 15

What do monocytes do after they leave the blood stream ?

Answer 15

Mature to tissue macrophages

Question 16

What cells mature into multiolobed giant cells by endomitotic divisions

Answer 16

Megakaryocytes

Question 17

This type of cell is responsible for the production of platelets

Answer 17

Megakaryocytes

Question 18

• Consists of ~50% fat cells;
• Has more myeloid cells than erythroid cells
• Megakaryocytes are 2-5 per high power field
• Plasma cells <3%
• Lymphocytes <20%

Answer 18

Normal Adult Bone Marrow

Question 19

A needle is inserted into the marrow and a liquid sample is sucked into a syringe

Answer 19

Aspiration

Question 20

provides a solid core of bone marrow and is examined as a histological specimen after fixation

Answer 20

Biopsy

Question 21

How long do normal erythrocytes survive for after release from the bone marrow?

Answer 21

120 days

Question 22

Lysosomal enzymes in the presence of H2O2, superoxide, and halides digest the ingested bacteria

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

Present in the mucosa of GI, bronchial/lower GU tracts; defense against parasites and participate in allergic rxns

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

Blue-black granules that contain histamine and are important in certain allergic rxns

Answer 24

Basophils