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AFC FMF STUDY > 101 Traditions, History > Flashcards

101 Traditions, History Flashcards

1
Q

The BATTLE OF BLADENSBURG

A

August 1814

103 Marines and 400 sailors made a vain attempt to block a force of 4,000 British troops from advancing on Washington. The Marines stopped three headlong charges before finally being outflanked and driven back. The British then moved down Bladensburg Road to Washington where they burned public buildings before retiring to their vessels in the Chesapeake Bay.

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2
Q

The BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

A

January 1815

300 Marines from the New Orleans’ Marine Barracks, joined the command of General Andrew Jackson to soundly defeat British Forces that were attacking the city that was the gateway to the American interior. Because of the Marines’ experience and reputation, Jackson placed them in the center of the American line. The British lost approximately 2,000 men while American losses were less than 100.

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3
Q

The BATTLE OF BELLEAU WOOD

A

Marines fought one of their greatest battles at Belleau Wood, France, during
World War I.

In June 1918, Marines helped to crush a German offensive that threatened Paris. In honor of the Marines who
fought there, the French renamed the area “the Wood of the Brigade of Marines.” German intelligence evaluated the Marines as “storm troops” - the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale.

Marine tradition states that in reference to the Marines fighting ability, German troops called their new enemy “Teufelhunden” or “Devil Dogs,” a nickname which Marines share with pride.

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4
Q

BATTLE OF WAKE ISLAND

A

In 1941, following the air attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese struck Wake Island on 8 December.
Despite being heavily outnumbered,
the Marines mounted a courageous defense before finally falling on 23
December. This small force of Marines caused an extraordinary number of Japanese casualties and damage to
the invading force.

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5
Q

THE MONTFORD POINT MARINES

A

Our Montford point brothers are patriots.

From 1942-1949, nearly 20, 000 African-American men from across
America came to Montford point camp in Jacksonville, North Carolina seeking the American dream of inclusion and the opportunity to defend our country as a united states marine. Like the wider society at large that was socially and culturally divided by race, the Marine Corps trained these men separately denying them their rightful place in the corps and in its rich tradition of service. These men served in battle, provided critical supplies to those on the front lines and evacuated the wounded to safety. They
did their jobs with professionalism and ably proved their courage in epic battles of the pacific like Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.

THE DIVERSITY OF TODAY’S MARINE CORPS WAS PAVED IN LARGE PART BY THE SELFLESS DEDICATION TO DUTY OF THE MONTFORD POINT MARINES.

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6
Q

Navajo Code Talkers

A

Navajo Code Talkers provided a fast, secure and error-free line of communication by telephone and radio during World War I in the Pacific. The Japanese remained baffled by the Navajo language and never cracked the code used by the Marines. Participated in every assault the U.S. Marines conducted in the Pacific from 1942 to 1945.

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7
Q

Identify colors/standards, and guidons.

A

Colors/standards. Specialized flags carried by military units. Each arm or branch of the service has its
own colors. The Marine Corps colors/standards are scarlet with gold fringe trim. The Marine emblem is
centered on the flag with a white scroll below. Marine Colors are carried beside the National Colors.

Standards are Marine Colors that are mounted, such as flags mounted in the Commanding Officer’s office.

Organizational standards/colors. Carried by supporting establishment commands. Scroll on the flag says
‘United States Marine Corps”

Battle Colors/Standards. Carried by Fleet Marine Force units (FMF). The scroll has the unit’s name
followed by FMF on it. Battle streamers that have been awarded to the unit are displayed just below the
mast head.

Guidons. Guidons are small rectangular flags, made in Marine Corps colors. They are carried by
companies, batteries, or detachments.

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8
Q

The Marine Corps Birthday

A

The United states Marine Corps of today has had a continual existence since 1798, when President John
Adams signed into law an act reestablishing the corps. However, the traditional and official founding
date of the Marine Corps is celebrated on 10 November. On this day in 1775,
the Continental Congress,
meeting in Philadelphia, authorized the raising and enlistment of two battalions of Marines for service
with the newly formed naval forces of the colonies.
This all started at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, making it the birthplace of the corps.

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9
Q

Marine Corps Birthdav celebration customs.

A

All Marine Corps activities, if at all practical, shall provide for suitable observance of the Marine
Corps birthday on 10 November. When 10 November falls on a Sunday, the birthday will be celebrated on
the preceding saturday. Such observances shall be appropriate to the size and mission of the activity
concerned in accordance with the local conditions and within financial means of personnel of the host
activitv. The Drill and Ceremonies Manual outlines procedures for Birthday observances.

Troop formations, to include parades, are to be held when practical. The reading of General John A
Lejune’s birthday message should be included.
social observances to include the birthday ball and the traditional cake-cutting ceremonv.
The first piece of cake to honor the oldest Marine present.
The second piece of cake to honor the youngest Marine present

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10
Q
A

E-2

Private First Class

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11
Q
A

E-3

Lance Corporal

LCpl

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12
Q
A

E-4

Corporal

Cpl

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13
Q
A

E-5

Sergeant

Sgt

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14
Q
A

E-6

Staff Sergeant

SSgt

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15
Q
A

E-7

Gunnery Sergeant

GySgt

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16
Q
A

E-8

Master Sergeant

MSgt

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17
Q
A

E-8

First Sergeant

1stSgt

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18
Q
A

E-9

Sergeant Major

SgtMaj

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19
Q
A

E-9

Master Gunnery Sergeant

MGySgt

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20
Q
A

E-9

Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

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21
Q

(gold)

A

Warrant Officer 1

WO1

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22
Q

(gold)

A

Chief Warrant Officer 2

CWO2

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23
Q

(silver)

A

Chief Warrant Officer 3

CWO3

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24
Q

(silver)

A

Chief Warrant Officer 4

CWO4

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25
Q
A

Chief Warrant Officer 5

CWO5

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26
Q
A

Gunner

CWO2-5

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27
Q
A

O-7

Brigadier General

BGen

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28
Q
A

O-8

Major General

MajGen

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29
Q
A

O-9

Lieutenant General

LtGen

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30
Q

(gold)

A

O-1

Second Lieutenant

2ndLt

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31
Q

(silver)

A

O-2

First Lieutenant

1stLt

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32
Q

First to fight

A

First to fight – Marines have been in the forefront of every American war since their founding in 1775 (revolutionary war, before the declaration of independence was signed).

  • More than 300 landings of foreign shores.
  • Poles to tropics.
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33
Q

Leatherneck

A

Leatherneck – 1775-1875, leather stock neckpiece was worn as part of the uniform. Protected neck from saber slashes. Also kept heads erect.

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34
Q

Devil Dog

A

Devil Dog – 1918, Battle of Belleau Wood (France), the Germans called Marines “Teufelhunden”, translated as “Devil Dogs” because of their ferocious fighting.

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35
Q

Esprit de corps

A

Esprit de corps – devotion and loyalty to Marines Corps. Deep regard for history, traditions, and honor. Epitome of pride in a unit.

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36
Q

Uncommon valor was a common virtue

A

Uncommon valor was a common virtue – Said by Admiral Nimitz of the Marines’ fighting ability on Iwo Jima. Largest Marine battle in history. 3DMARDIV is the only remaining division that fought on Iwo Jima.

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37
Q

In detail, describe the Marine Corps Emblem and discuss the significance of its different elements.

A
  • The emblem consists of an eagle clenching the Marine Corps motto in its beak, the globe (Western Hemisphere), and the anchor. The emblem was adopted from the British (Royal) Marines and was modified by Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin in 1868 to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.
  • The globe and anchor signify the worldwide service and sea traditions.
  • The spread eagle represents the nation itself.
  • The motto, “Semper Fidelis” is Latin for “Always Faithful.”
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38
Q

Semper Fidelis

A

Semper Fidelis – “Always Faithful”. USMC motto as of 1883.

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39
Q

Origin of the Marine Corps

A

10 November 1775 – Birthday of Marines Corps in Philadelphia, PA at Tun Tavern.

  • Continental Congress raised two battalions of Marines.
  • Came under Department of Navy in 1834.
  • National Security act of 1947 (amended in 1952) states the present structure, missions, and functions of USMC
40
Q

first Commandant of Marines Corps.

A

Captain Samuel Nicholas – first Commandant of Marines Corps.

41
Q

1776

A

1776

– First Marine landing

– Revolutionary War

– New Providence Island in Bahamas.

42
Q

1798

A

1798 – Congress made Marines Corps its own military branch.

43
Q

1805

A

1805 – Marines stormed the Barbary pirates’ stronghold at Derna on “the shores of Tripoli”

  • American flag raised for first time in Eastern Hemisphere (Libya / south of Mediterranean Sea)
  • Prince Hamet of the Ottoman Empire presented the mameluke sword to 1stLt Presley O’Bannon as a gesture of respect and praise for the Marines’ actions at the Battle of Derna
  • Mamelukes were an elite Muslim military force in northern Africa.
  • Sword has curved blade, gold hilt, ivory handle.
44
Q

1847

A

1847

– Mexican War

– Marines occupied “the Halls of Montezuma” during the Battle of Chapultepec.

45
Q

1861 – 1865

A

1861 – 1865

– Civil War

– limited action because many resignations, aging officer corps, and inadequate personnel.

Marines basically just manned the guns of Navy ships.

46
Q

1868

A

1868 – Eagle, Globe, and Anchor emblem was officially adopted. BG Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant made it happen – altered the British Royal Marine emblem.

-Original emblem (just eagle and anchor) still used on brass buttons of service uniforms

47
Q

1898

A

1898

– Offensive operations in the pacific and Cuba due to declaration of war against Spain.

Led to establishment of naval installations overseas

48
Q

1900

A

1900

– Marines defended American Legation in Peking, China during Boxer Rebellion.

49
Q

1901

A

1901 – 1934

– Marines doing a lot more around the world, from the Far East to the Caribbean. “Banana Wars” refers to the large amount of conflicts in the Caribbean during this time.

50
Q

1913

A

1913

– First USMC aviation unit. Maj Alfred Cunningham = first pilot.

51
Q

1933

A

1933

– Marines Corps is reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force, formally establishing the “Command and administrative relations” between the Fleet and the Corps.

52
Q

1917-1918

A

1917-1918

Marines landed as part of the American force in France.

Marines, participating in 8 distinct operations, including the Battle of BELLEAU WOOD on JUNE 1918, distinguised themselves and were awarded a number of decorations, among them the French Fourragere, still worn today by members of the 5th and 6th Marine Regiments.

53
Q

*1941-1945

A

1941-1945

– WWII.

USMC strength reached nearly 500,000 Marines.

  • US to war after attack on Pearl Harbor
  • USMC primary force & “island hopping” strategy
54
Q

1942, 16SEP

A

16SEP1942

  • 3dMARDIV was formed for action in the Pacific Theater (created at Camp Elliott, San Diego)
55
Q

1950

A

1950

– Korean War begins.

-Amphibious Landing at Inchon (South Korea), recapturing Seoul from communist forces.

56
Q

*1953

A

1953 - 3DMARDIV trained for combat in Korea under BG Chesty Puller, but was sent to Japan instead, one month after Korean Armistice was signed.

-3DMARDIV redeployed to Okinawa in 1956.

57
Q

1958

A

1958 – FMF reorganization now complete – capable of projecting power ashore (and then staying there) from anywhere in the world.

-3DMARDIV recognized as a permanent part of the Marines Corps organization.

58
Q

1965

A

1965 – Marines land in South Vietnam.

-3DMARDIV was based in Vietnam from 1965 – 1969, conducting security and offensive operations, mostly near the North Vietnam Border.

59
Q

1982

A

1982 – Marines deployed to Beirut, Lebanon as part of multinational peacekeeping force.

60
Q

1983

A

1983 – Suicide truck bomb attack on barracks housing U.S (1/8 barracks). Killed 241 Americans and 70 others. Last Marine Unit withdrew in 1984.

61
Q

1990

A

1990 – Operation Desert Shield in Iraq. This operation validated the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) concept and enacted the plan of tailoring units to accomplish a mission as part of a MAGTF.

62
Q

1991

A

1991 – Operation Desert Storm in Iraq. Marines Ground forces from I MEF, II MEF, & III MEF swept into Kuwait and liberated the country.

63
Q

2001 – Present

A

2001 – Present – 3DMARDIV elements participated in OIF.

64
Q

Archibald Henderson

A

Archibald Henderson – Commandant of Marines Corps from 1820 – 1859, 39 years.

  • Grand old man of the Marines Corps.
  • Introduced higher standards of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have the Corps known as a professional military force.
65
Q

John Quick

A

John Quick – Sergeant Major – Received MOH for actions in Cuzco well (Guantanamo Bay).

66
Q

Daniel Daly

A

Daniel Daly – Sergeant Major – 2 MOH – Chinese Boxer Rebellion, First Caco War in Haiti.

  • “Come on, you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever?” – Battle of Belleau Wood.
67
Q

Smedley Butler

A

Smedley Butler – Major General – 2 MOH – Veracruz, First Caco War in Haiti.

  • Marine bases in Okinawa are collectively named after him.
  • Helped the Marine Corps be recognized as a national force in readiness
68
Q

John Lejeune

A

John Lejeune – Major General – 13th Commandant of the Marines Corps, 1920-1929

  • First Marine officer ever to command an Army Division in combat – France, 1918, WWI
  • Transitions Marine Corps from a colonial naval force to an amphibious force in readiness
  • Birthday message is read at every Marines Corps Ball
69
Q

Lewis “Chesty” Puller

A

Lewis “Chesty” Puller – Lieutenant General – “Tiger of the Mountains” (1930) for reputation in Nicaragua / Honduran border (much conflict there).

  • Led the Marine withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir, Korea, 1950.
  • CG of 3DMARDIV in early 1950s
  • Marines Corps Bulldog mascot named after him
70
Q

Gregory “Pappy” Boyington

A

Gregory “Pappy” Boyington – Major – Top ranking USMC pilot in WWII, 28 kills (1945).

71
Q

Ira Hayes –

A

Ira Hayes – Pima Indian, part of flag raising at Iwo Jima – Mount Suribachi. Was a part of 3DMARDIV, but transferred to 5th DIV just before the Iwo Jima campaign.

72
Q

Opha Mae Johnson

A

Opha Mae Johnson – first USMC enlisted woman, 1918.

73
Q

Annie Grimes

A

Annie Grimes – CWO – 3rd black woman to become a marine and the 1st black woman officer to retire after her “full 20”.

74
Q

Margaret Brewer –

A

Margaret Brewer – Brigadier General – Last director of Woman Marines (WM) from 1973-1977. Became first woman general officer in 1978.

75
Q

Molly Marine

A

Molly Marine – monument in New Orleans. 1943.

76
Q

Captain Anne Lentz

A

Captain Anne Lentz – first commissioned officer in 1943

77
Q

Lt. Gen. Carol Mutter

A

Lt. Gen. Carol Mutter – first 3 star female officer

78
Q

LT Vincent “Grunt Padre” R. Capodanno

A

LT Vincent “Grunt Padre” R. Capodanno - Greenside Chaplain KIA in Vietnam. MOH. Racing around reading last rights to Marines as they died in battle.

79
Q

Major General Bruno Hochmuth

A

Major General Bruno Hochmuth – only 3DMARDIV CG killed in action – Vietnam, 1967

80
Q

3 MOH Corpsman:

A

3 MOH Corpsman:

Hospitalman John Kilmer

Hospitalman Francis Hammond

Hospital Corpsman 3rd Class Donald Ballard

81
Q

Battle of Guadalcanal

A

Battle of Guadalcanal – August, 1942 – February, 1943

  • 1st MAR DIV landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands
  • Launched the first U.S. land offensive of WWII
  • First combat of the new amphibious doctrine
  • Provided a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands.
82
Q

Battle of Bougainville

A

Battle of Bougainville – Nov-Dec 1943

  • 3DMARDIV’s first offensive action in WWII (after training in Guadalcanal)
  • 423 Marines were killed
  • Securing the island of Bougainville provided an advanced base for air attacks on the harbor of Rabaul, the key Japanese stronghold in the area
83
Q

Battle of Tarawa –

A

Battle of Tarawa – Nov 20th-23rd, 1943

  • Part of the Gilbert Islands – more in the middle of the Pacific – crucial for offensive operations in the central Pacific
  • Commander of Japanese forces said it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer Tarawa
  • Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours. 1,000 Marines and Sailors were killed.
84
Q

​Battle of the Mariana Islands

A

Battle of the Mariana Islands (Saipan, Guam, Tinian) – June-August 1944

  • Crucial for airfield needs of Army and advanced bases for Navy
  • 136,000 Marines and soldiers in the invasion – at that time, largest number of troops to operate in the field under a Marine Command
  • 3DMARDIV was the lead element in invasion of Guam in July, 1944 – 5,000 Japanese, 677 Marines died.
85
Q

Battle of Peleliu

A

Battle of Peleliu – Sept-Nov, 1944

-1st Mar Div, captured airstrip on Peleliu. 2 months. Fierce resistance.

86
Q

Battle of Iwo Jima

A

Battle of Iwo Jima – February - March, 1945

  • 3D, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions
  • Largest all-Marine battle in history, and the bloodiest – 23,300 casualties
  • The capture of Iwo Jima greatly facilitated the air war against Japanese islands
  • 22 of the 82 MOH in WWII were awarded in this battle
87
Q

Battle of Okinawa

A

Battle of Okinawa – April - June, 1945

  • Last large action of WWII
  • Army Commander died – Marine MG Roy Geiger assumed command of the 10th Army and become the only Marine officer ever to have commanded a field army
  • Secured Okinawa to prepare for invasion of mainland Japan, which never took place – Japan surrendered in September of 1945.
88
Q

John Basilone

A

John Basilone was a United States Marine Corps gunnery sergeant who received the Medal of Honor for heroism above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle for Henderson Field in the Guadalcanal campaign, and the Navy Cross posthumously for extraordinary heroism during the Battle of Iwo Jima

89
Q

Battle of the Chosin Reservoir

A

Battle of the Chosin Reservoir – North Korea, 1950

  • One month after China entered the war
  • Marines eliminated 7 Divisions out of 10 that were sent to annihilate them in their march from the Chosin Reservoir. Outnumbered 120,000 to 15,000.
  • Throughout the entire retrograde movement, Marines maintained complete tactical integrity, meaning that they brought out all operable equipment and properly evacuated all their wounded and dead.
90
Q

Battle of Khe Sanh

A

Battle of Khe Sanh – Vietnam, 1968

  • Marines (including from 3DMARDIV) defended the firebase at Khe Sanh from an attack from two North Vietnamese Army Divisions
  • Held out for two and half months before finally forcing the enemy to withdraw
91
Q

Battle of Hue City

A

Battle of Hue City – Vietnam, 1968

  • North Vietnamese forces invaded Hue City, South Vietnam
  • Marines (including from 3DMARDIV) fought in built-up areas, foregoing the use of heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties
  • Fighting was house-to-house
  • Example of Military Operations on Urban Terrain
92
Q

Scarlet trouser stripe

A

Scarlet trouser stripe – First appeared in 1798, then again in 1840 and 1859….

-The story is that the red stripe commemorates the blood shed by Marines in the Battle of Chapultepec in 1847

93
Q

Quatrefoil

A

Quatrefoil – Worn on the caps of Marines fighting on the decks of ships so that Marine sharpshooters could recognize them and not shoot them.

94
Q

NCO sword

A

NCO sword – considered an officer’s weapon, but can be carried by NCOs.

-Oldest U.S. weapon still in use (second only to Mameluke sword), though technically only to be used when in charge of troops on ceremonious occasions. Part of the esprit de corps

95
Q

French Fourragere

A

French Fourragere – Senior unit award by Marines in 5th & 6th Regiments, who were awarded the fourragere for their efforts in WWI. They won the Croix de Guerre with palm leaf 3 times…

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