10.1 Regulatory Framework Flashcards
What does ICAO stand for?
International Civil Aviation Organisation
What is the purpose of ICAO?
To harmonise international standards in civil aviation to ensure safe and orderly growth
Where and when was ICAO created?
Chicago Convention
December 1944
What is the term used for when only 26 out of the 52 members of state signed in agreement?
What does it stand for?
PICAO
Provisional International Civil Aviation Organisation
When was ICAO fully ratified?
March 5th 1947
Who are the members of ICAO?
Conventions 191 member states and global aviation organisations
Where is ICAOs Headquarters?
Montreal
What is ICAO a part of?
The United Nations
What did ICAO develop?
SARPS
What does SARPS stand for?
Standards And Recommended Practices
How does ICAO ensure its regulations are complied with by its members?
Members who sign the agreement must comply with the conditions of joining the ICAO
What document lays down the law of the land with respect to civil aviation in the United Kingdom?
CAP 393, Air Navigation Order
When did the UK Government pass the CAA after joining the ICAO?
1949
Where are the requirements for Civil Aviation Act laid down in?
Air Navigation Order, CAP 393
When was the CAA formed as the first unified and independent body controlling civil aviation?
April 1972
What is the CAP 393, Air Navigation Order?
A legal document which lays down the law of the land with respect to civil aviation in the UK and comprises both articles and schedules
What is each article known as in the CAP 393?
An article of the law
What does the CAP 393, ANO apply to?
Comes from the EU but applies to all UK based organisations, personnel and only foreign aircraft operating in and over the UK
What are schedules in the ANO?
Schedules contain information on how to comply with the associated article
Who must comply with the Air Navigation Order?
Must be complied by any UK based organisation, personnel and any foreign aircraft operating in and over the UK
What does SRG stand for?
Safety Regulation Group
Where is the SRG Headquarters?
Gatwick Airport
What are SRG staff known as and what are they responsible for?
Surveyors
Responsible for making sure organisations are in compliance with regulations
They carry out checks and audits to gain approval
What does BCAR stand for?
British Civil Airworthiness Requirements
What is a BCAR?
Documents produced by the CAA in the form of CAPs and expand on ANOs. They lay down minimum standards required for airworthiness of aircraft in the UK
What are the 2 most important sections in BCAR?
CAP 553 Section A - Airworthiness procedures where the CAA has primary responsibility for the type approval of the product
CAP 554 Section B - CAA does NOT have the primary responsibility for type approval of the product
What is meant by an aircraft product?
Aircraft
Engines
Propellers
What is the CAP 455 Airworthiness Notices?
A publication that is used to contain a large amount of information on airworthiness advice
Where was the information from the CAP 455 transferred to?
The CAP 562 and CAP 747
What is CAP 562?
Civil Aviation Authorities Information and Procedures (CAAIP)
A leaflet that gives information on civil aircraft during manufacture, maintenance, design etc.
The information is usually of a general nature and does not give specific details
Give two types of CAP 562 leaflets and what information they contain
CAP 562 leaflet H-10 - Information about the extent of the various license categories
CAP 562 Leaflet H-60 - Personal responsibility when medically unfit or under influence
What is contained in the CAP 747?
Single source of mandatory information provided by the CAA
What does ECAC stand for?
European Civil Aviation Conference
Who created ECAC?
The European Council with the help of ICAO
What is ECAC?
An inter-governed organisation
Where is ECAC located?
Paris
When was ECAC founded and with how many countries?
1955
19 countries
How many members are in ECAC today?
44 members
What are the strategic properties of ECAC?
Safety
Security
Environment
How often does ECAC meet and where?
Every 3 years at the European Parliament in Strasbourg
What does JAA stand for?
Joint Aviation Authorities
What is the JAA and what did it do?
It was an associated body of ECAC and it intended to set high safety standards and an equal playing field for any competition in Europe
When did JAA begin?
In the 1970s
What was the JAAs original objective?
To produce common certification codes for large aircraft and engines by international consortion
What are JARs?
Joint Aviation Requirements
What are JARs similar to and based on?
The American FAA regulations
Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs)
What were the membership categories for JAA and what were the differences between them?
Full Member - has voting rights and recognition of approval
Candidate Member - does not have voting rights or automatic recognition of approvals
What is the purpose of the EU?
Attempt to facilitate easy exchange of products and services between member states and to have common standards in most political and economical issues
What does EASA stand for?
European Association Safety Agency
How was EASA created?
JAA did not have any law-making authority so in 2002/2003 the European Union created a law making body to ensure common safety standards could be enforced throughout the UK.
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union created the Basic Regulation 1592/2002 which created EASA
Where is EASA based?
Cologne, Germany
What is a Competent Authority?
Has the right to issue on behalf of EASA
What are Hard Laws?
Binding regulations/rules
What are Soft Laws?
Non-binding regulations/ rules
In the EASA system, what are the three main levels of regulatory material?
Basic Regulation
Implementing Rules (IR)
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)
Describe Basic Regulations
Adopted by the European Parliament and European Council, binding all its elements
Describe the Implementing Rules section
Hard laws (binding) used to specify a high level of safety and uniform conformity and compliance
Describe the Acceptable Means of Compliance section
Soft laws adopted by EASA
States one approved method of complying with a requirement, but not the only method
What are the two soft laws?
AMC - Acceptable Means of Compliance
GM - General Material
Describe GM
Expands and further explains the requirements and always supplements the AMC
Enables the organisation to create alternate ways to comply with the requirements
What are the 2 types of Implemented Rules?
The Implemented Rules Initial Airworthiness
The Implemented Rules Continuous Airworthiness
Which EASA Document deals with the management of the continuing airworthiness of aircraft?
Part M
Which EASA document is the regulation governing the airworthiness and certification of aircraft and aircraft products?
Part 21
Which EASA document details the standards fort he design and manufacture of large aircraft?
CS 25
What does CS stand for?
Certification Specification
What are the 4 types of Certification Specifications?
CS 23 - Small aeroplanes
CS 25 - Large Aeroplanes over 5700kg
CS 27 - Small helicopters less than 3175kg or 9 passengers
CS 29 - Large Helicopters with more than one engine
Where would you find Certification Specifications in the Regulations Structure?
Under the Implementing Rules Initial Airworthiness - Part 21
What are Annexes?
A bulk of information
What annexes are found in the Implementing Rules Continuous Airworthiness?
Continuing Airworthiness Part M
Maintenance Organisations Part 145
Certifying Staff Part 66
Training Organisations Part 147
Part T - Details the requirements of dry-leased licensed operators, operating aircraft registered in a third country
Each Annex is divided into 2 sections, what are the sections and describe them?
Section A - (Technical Requirements)
- describes the requirements with which an organisation or individual must comply and gives guidance on how these requirements can be satisfied
Section B - (Competent Authority Procedures)
- procedures for the National Aviation Authorities (NAA) to follow in order to regulate approved companies and individuals
What are appendices?
Additional information to the sections, mainly about the relevant forms to be used but also other information relevant to the requirements
What are the two appendices?
AMC - Acceptable Means of Compliance
GM - Guidance Material
What does NPA stand for?
Notice of Proposed Amendment
Who provides the Decision?
European Commission, Council or Parliament
What does Air Ops stand for?
Air Operations
What are Air Ops?
The regulations that airline operators have to comply with
An operator shall not operate a Commercial Air Transport unless…
It is maintained and released to service by an organisation appropriately approved/accepted in accordance with Part 145 except that preflight inspections need not necessarily be carried out by a Part 145 organisation
What does CAT stand for?
Commercial Air Transport
What is another name for CAT?
Licensed Air Carrier
What does Commercial Air Transport operation mean?
An aircraft operation to transport passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or other valuable consideration
