10.1 Command And Control / Emergency Management

Question 1

What is the difference between Control and Command?

Answer 1

Control operates horizontally across agencies and Command operates vertically within an agency.

Question 2

What is the TENR methodology?

Answer 2

TENR is to be at the core of determining how Police intervene or deploy. It is a decision-making process that supports the timely and accurate assessment of information directly relevant to the safety of Police and others. The response to any given situation must be considered, timely, proportionate, and appropriate.

Question 3

When does coordination occur (3)?

Answer 3

Coordination occurs when:

1) command and control is communicated to all responders and their agencies,
2) by giving appropriate taskings that are
3) completed correctly in a timely manner.

Question 4

In command and control situations, what does control set (2)?

Answer 4

1) It sets priorities and objectives 2) and determines how best to implement them.

Question 5

What does control do?

Answer 5

Control sets priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement them. What is important now (WIN)?

Question 6

What is control?

Answer 6

Control refers to the responsibility for coordinating and directing the response to an incident.

Question 7

What are the 3 essential elements of command and control?

Answer 7

1. Leadership
2. Decision making
3. Control

Question 8

How do we record our decision making?

Answer 8

Through the use of a decision log

Question 9

What are the three different command operating levels?

Answer 9

1) Tactical - occurs within the community
2) Operational - occurs where there are multiple tactical level activities or when too complex
3) Strategic - when the event is significant and requires dedicated attention

Question 10

According to the command and control principles, what are the important aspects of unity (3)?

Answer 10

1) There is one command or control structure
2) The chain of control or command must be clear
3) All units in the chain of control or command must be aware of their immediate supervisors, subordinates, and inter-agency counterparts

Question 11

What is the appreciation process?

Answer 11

• It is the act of understanding the nature, magnitude or meaning of the situation faced
• Should be written
• Allows for clear thought and logical reasoning
• The output are options which can be briefed to the IC for guidance and approval on one course of action
• The approved course of action is developed into a plan
• The plan is developed into the operation orders which outlines how the operation will be carried out

Question 12

What is the appreciation format?

Answer 12

AFCO =

Aim
Factors
Courses of action
Outline plan

Question 13

In the appreciation process, who sets the aim?

Answer 13

The aim of the operation is derived from the guidance or intent set by a higher control or command level. If no higher level of the commander is appointed (for example during a tactical level response) the commander of the police response must determine the aim of the response operation.

Question 14

What is a factor according to the AFCO model?

Answer 14

A factor is the circumstances, facts, or influences which might impact on the conduct of the operation.

Question 15

When considering factors in an appreciation, what does the So What question focus on?

Answer 15

The impact.

Question 16

“Therefore?” addresses the …

Answer 16

… mitigation and contributes to the shaping of the plan.

Question 17

Blank

Answer 17

Blank

Question 18

What are the fundamentals of the “Courses of Action” in respect of the appreciation process (3)?

Answer 18

1) Courses of action are identified for each factor to achieve the aim
2) Each course is evaluated based on its advantages and disadvantages
3) The controller or commander should be discussed to approved and develop one course of action towards a plan

Question 19

How would you outline your plan once you’ve decided on your course of action?

Answer 19

Through GSMEAC

• GROUND: covers an overview of terrain and make up of the area where the operation will be conducted
• SITUATION: This section will provide a summary and background regarding Police response so that staff can fully understand what is happening and why Police action may be required.

MISSION: This section is a very clear and concise statement as to the Police role.

EXECUTION: This section outlines how the mission will be achieved.

ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS: This section outlines how the support functions will be carried out.

COMMAND AND SIGNALS: This section outlines the various command and control elements supporting the operation and how staff will communicate with each other and the commander/headquarters.

Question 20

What is the definition of an emergency (3)?

Answer 20

Emergency means a situation that-

A. Is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, including, without limitation, any explosion, tsunami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire, leakage or spillage of any dangerous gas or substance, technological failure, infestation, plague, epidemic, failure of or disruption to an emergency service or a lifeline utility, or actual or imminent attack or warlike act; and -

B. Causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in any way endangers the safety of the public or property in NZ or any part of NZ; and -

C. Cannot be dealt with by emergency services, or otherwise requires a significant and coordinated response under this Act

Question 21

Name the Act that gives various agencies the power to act in an emergency

Answer 21

The Civil Defence Emergency Act 2002

Question 22

According to section 86 of the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, when may a Controller or constable direct the evacuation of premises and places (2)?

Answer 22

1) A state of emergency is in force

2) it is necessary for the preservation of human life

Question 23

Explain Threat in TENR

Answer 23

Threat is assessed. This means any individual, and act, or anything that is likely to cause harm or have the potential to hinder Police in the performance of their duties.

Question 24

Explain Exposure in TENR

Answer 24

Exposure is managed, including the potential for harm (physical or otherwise) to people, or the security of places or things.

Question 25

Explain Necessity in TENR

Answer 25

The necessity to intervene is considered. Is there a need to intervene now, later, or not at all?

Question 26

Explain Response in TENR

Answer 26

Any response is proportionate and based on a considered assessment of Threat, Exposure, and Necessity.

Question 27

What must a Police response also consider besides being timely, proportionate, and appropriate?

Answer 27

1) It must consider the impact on Police,
2) our partners,
3) the focus of our attention (usually victims, offenders,
4) communities,
5) or any and all of these and any third parties that are impacted.

This applies to all employees whether holding the Office of Constable.

Question 28

Who’s responsibility is it to apply TENR and the assessment and management of health and safety in police operations?

Answer 28

It is the responsibility of all employees at all levels of the response?

Question 29

What situations do command and control principles apply to?

Answer 29

They are scalable and situational and can be used to respond to incidents and operations ranging in size and scope.

Question 30

What authority does control include?

Answer 30

The authority to assign tasks to another agency and to coordinate that agency’s wider actions so that it integrates with the wider response.

Question 31

When do police operate at the tactical command level (3)?

Answer 31

1) When answering calls for service
2) When attending an incident
3) When involved in activities such as executing a search warrant

Question 32

What are the functions undertaken by the tactical level commander (5)?

Answer 32

1) Command of the inner cordon
2) Command of the immediate situation
3) Command of all police resources within cordons
4) Command within the intent provided by the Operational Commander and Strategic Commander (if one is appointed)
5) Manage inter-agency coordination at the tactical level

Question 33

What is an appreciation?

Answer 33

An appreciation is a process for problem solving and decision-making. It follows a set of process so that factors and alternatives are considered.

Question 34

The plan which results from an appreciation is generally developed into what?

Answer 34

The operation orders.

Question 35

The factors in an appreciation are discussed using which two phrases?

Answer 35

So what and therefore.

Question 36

The appreciation process will produce an outline plan with which components (3)?

Answer 36

Situation - the background to the operation
Mission - generally a further development of the aim.
Execution - What is to be done, when will it be done, how is it to be done, where is it to be done, who will do it?