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chemistry > 10- Using The Earths Resources > Flashcards

10- Using The Earths Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Potable water

A
  • Water that can be drunk
    • low level of dissolved salts and microbes
  • UK
    • rain water is used- low levels of dissolved substances (fresh water)
    • collects in ground, lakes and rivers
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2
Q

Producing potable water

A
  • choose an appopriate source of fresh water
  • passing the water through filter beds
  • sterilise
    • chlorine
    • ozone
    • uv
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3
Q

How to produce potable water if limitd supply of fresh water

A
  • desalination fo sea water
  • requires lots of energy

-distillation
Or
-process w/ membranes eg. Reverse osmosis

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4
Q

Waste water treatments

A
  • large amounts produced from urban lifestyles and industrial processes
    • need treatment before releasing into environment
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5
Q

Why need to treat industrial waste water

A

-remove organic matter and harmful chemicals

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6
Q

Why need to treat sewage and agricultural waste water

A

-remove organic matter and harmful microbes

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7
Q

Sewage treatment

A
  • screening and grit removal
  • sedimentation
    • produce sewage sludge and effluent
  • anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
  • aerobic bacterial treatment of effluent
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8
Q

Composites

A

-made up of two or more materials

Reinforcement- fibres/ fragments
Matrix- binds together

-properties of composite differs to each seperate material

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9
Q

Fibre glass

A

Matrix- polymer
Reinforcement-glass fibre
-used in kayaks

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10
Q

Natural wood

A

Matrix-lignin
Reinforcemennt0 cellulose fiibres
-uses wooden furnaitures

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11
Q

MDF and plywood

A

Matrix-adhesives
Reinforcement-wood fibres

-flat pack furnaiture

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12
Q

Carbon fibre composites

A

Matrix-polymer
Reinforcemet0 carbon fibre/nanotubes

-carbon fibre composites

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13
Q

Concrete

A

Matrix-cement and water
Reinforcement- sand and stones

-uses- pavements

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14
Q

Alloys

A
  • mixture of two or more elements

- diff size atomes, distort regualr arrangemens cant slide over each other

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15
Q

Bronze

A

-alloy of copper and tin

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16
Q

Brass

A

Alloy of copper and zinc

17
Q

Gold

A

-cam be alloyed iwth silver, copper or zinc

Percentage = carat numberx100/24

18
Q

Steels

A

Alloy of iron, carbon and other metals

19
Q

High carbon steel

A

-strong but brittle

20
Q

Low carbon steel

A
  • softer more maleable

- car body work

21
Q

Stainless steel

A
  • steel w/ chromium, nickel

- hard, resistant to corroion

22
Q

Alluminium alloy

A

-low density

23
Q

Clay ceramic

A
  • brittle, unreactive
  • wet clay baked in kiln/furnaces
  • hard but britt;e
  • unreactive, resistant too heat
  • useful in bricks and crockery
24
Q

Ceramic

A
  • non metal solids
  • w/ high mp
  • not. Made from carbon based composites
    • eg, clay and glass
25
Q

Glass

A

-brittle, transparent
Two types
-soda lime glass
Boresilicate glass

26
Q

Soda lime glass

A
  • made form sand, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate
  • used in bottles, windows
  • most common
27
Q

Boresilicate glass

A
  • made from sand, boron trioxide
  • used in cooking trays, ovenware, test tbes
  • particles not in regular arrangemet
  • high mp than soda lime glass
28
Q

Phytomining

A
  • plants grow in low level of metal conc
  • abosorb metal
  • plants burnt
  • ash contains metal compounds
  • react ash w/ dilute sulfuric acid
  • solid copper formed by electrolysis solution/ displacementby uron
29
Q

Bioleaching

A
  • bacteria breaks down low-grade ores
  • produces acidic solution and copper ions
    • leachate
30
Q

Why use biological methods of metal extraction

A

-avoids traditional mining methods of digging and desposing of large amounts of rocks

31
Q

Low copper ores

A
  • recycling scrap copper requires less energy than processing ores
  • copper ore finite resource 0 by recycling scrap copper- copper lasts longer
  • processing copper ores using carbon produces co2- greenhouse gas so contributing to climate change
  • waste from copper ore extraction-landfill damages ecosystem
32
Q

Life cycle assessments

A
  • used to assess the impact on the environment by using
    • getting and processing the raw material
    • making the product and any packaging
    • using, reusing and maintaining the product
    • disposing of a product at the end of its useful life
33
Q

Problems with LCA

A
  • dont include effects of pollutants
    • eg. Negative visual effect plastic bag
  • can be biased
  • selective LCAs-only show some impurities
34
Q

Glass recycling

A

-glass bottles can be reused w/out reshaping
OR
-glass seperated by colour and chemical composition
-crushed
-melted
-reshaped into bttles/jars/ insulting glass wool- home insulation

chemistry (14 decks)

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