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Robinson 22 > 10 Minute Helicopter Videos (10/28/22) > Flashcards

10 Minute Helicopter Videos (10/28/22) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes you fall faster in an autorotation?

A
  • Higher density altitude
  • Higher weight
  • Out of trim
  • Turning
  • Aft cyclic
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2
Q

In an autorotation, what if you don’t reduce blade pitch (drop collective)?

A

Blades will cone upwards and break

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3
Q

Why doesn’t rotor reverse in an autorotation?

A

Because if pitch was left high, then the blades would cone and break before they reversed

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4
Q

More Lift: Larger ______ and less ______ _____?

A

Angle of attack, induced flow

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5
Q

Less Lift: Smaller ______ and more ______ _____?

A

Angle of attack, induced flow

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6
Q

What speed does Transverse Flow Effect happen?

A

10-15 knots

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7
Q

What speed does Effective Translational Lift happen?

A

16-24 knots

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8
Q

Gyroscopic precession

A

Force felt 90 degrees ahead of rotation

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9
Q

If you want to drift left, where does the force need to be applied?

A

Rear of rotor, force will be felt 90 degrees ahead of rotation (right side), causing left drift

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10
Q

What does ETL speed depend on? (3 things)

A
  • Blade size
  • Area
  • RPM
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11
Q

What speed occurs at the lowest point on the total drag curve?

A

Max rate of climb airspeed

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12
Q

Looking at a rotor from above, there are three regions, starting at the center and moving outwards, what is each region called

A
  • Stall region (25%)
  • Driving region (45% lift producing)
  • Driven region (30%)
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13
Q

Which direction does the R22 rotor turn?

A

Counter Clockwise

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14
Q

What are several ways that you can compensate for translating tendency? (4 things)

A
  • Left cyclic
  • Rigging of flight controls
  • Transmission mounting
  • Flight management computer
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15
Q

What is another name for vortex ring state?

A

Settling with power

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16
Q

What are three requirements for vortex ring state?

A
  • less than ETL
  • greater than 300 FPM descent
  • 20% to 100% power applied
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17
Q

Why do you need power for vortex ring state to occur?

A

You need power in order to produce some downflow and create the vortices. If you have no power than you only have upflow

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18
Q

What flight situations are conducive to vortex ring state? (6 things)

A
  • Steep approaches
  • Downwind/tailwind approach
  • Formation approach
  • Poor attitude control in OGE
  • Descent from OGE hover
  • Hover above max hover ceiling (high DA)
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19
Q

Height/Velocity curve: Why are there two upper curves?

A

Changing density altitude

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20
Q

Height/Velocity curve: What is shown by the lower curve?

A

High speed, low altitude, not enough reaction time

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21
Q

What is the height/velocity curve based on? (2 things)

A
  • Max gross weight
  • Average, proficient pilot
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22
Q

What is dynamic rollover?

A

The tendency of a helicopter to continue rolling when the critical angle is exceeded.

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23
Q

What are the three parts of a dynamic rollover?

A
  • Pivot point
  • Exceeding critical angle
  • Rolling motion
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24
Q

What are some causes of dynamic rollover? (4 things)

A
  • Tiedowns
  • Skid contact
  • Stuck landing
  • Slope T/O and Landing
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25
Q

Best actions to avoid dynamic rollover (2 things)

A
  • Focus and slow down
  • Lower collective if the situation doesn’t feel right
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26
Q

What are three types of rotor systems?

A
  • Rigid
  • Semi rigid
  • Fully articulated
27
Q

Describe a rigid rotor (Movement, advantages, disadvantages, what type of helicopter has this type of rotor)

A
  • Only feathering
  • Simple and cost effective
  • Blades absorb all of the forces
  • Red bull helicopter
28
Q

Describe a semi rigid rotor (Movement, advantages, disadvantages, what type of helicopter has this type of rotor)

A
  • Flap and feather
  • Simple and cost effective
  • Subject to mast bumping
  • R22
29
Q

Describe a fully articulated rotor (Movement, advantages, disadvantages, what type of helicopter has this type of rotor)

A
  • Flap, feather, lead/lag
  • Coriolis affect is absorbed by the hinges
  • Apache
30
Q

What are the different types of drag? (4 types)

A
  • Parasite (exponential up)
  • Induced (exponential down, lift)
  • Profile (gradually up)
  • Total (combination of them all)
31
Q

What is the low point of the total drag curve?

A

Max rate of climb

32
Q

What are the four parts of the lift equation?

A
  • Coefficient of lift
  • Surface area of rotor
  • Air density
  • Velocity
33
Q

How does speed affect lift?

A

Lift quadruples as speed doubles

34
Q

What is the main thing that effects the coefficient of lift?

A

Shape of the airfoil

35
Q

How does surface area effect lift?

A

More area, more lift

36
Q

As the rotor cones, what happens to the CG of the blades? What happens to the surface area?

A

CG moves inward, surface area decreases

37
Q

How can you avoid mast bumping? (2 things)

A
  • Don’t do a low-g pushover
  • Keep weight on the rotor
38
Q

What is the main advantage of a symmetric rotor?

A

The center of pressure has very little forward/aft movement with changing angles of attack

39
Q

What is the center of pressure?

A

It is the center of the aerodynamic forces

40
Q

As the velocity of air increases in a venturi, what happens?

A

Pressure and temperature drop

41
Q

What are three causes of retreating blade stall?

A
  • Airspeed above Vne
  • To much forward cyclic
  • Collective angle to high
42
Q

What are four symptoms of retreating blade stall?

A
  • Vibrations
  • Vertical bounce
  • Flight control feedback
  • Uncommanded pitch up, roll to left side
43
Q

Describe retreating blade stall

A

Down flap on the retreating side increases angle of attack leading to a stall.

44
Q

What does the term “bucket speed” mean in a helicopter?

A

It is the speed at the bottom of the lift drag curve. This is basically the speed where you have a lot of power available.

45
Q

What is the acronym for a confined area approach/landing?

A

PWOTFEEL
- Power/performance
- Winds
- Obstacle
- Terrain/Turbulence
- Forced Landing Area
- Exit
- Enter
- Landing

46
Q

When should you consider a go around in a confined area approach?

A

Before ETL (10-12 KIAS)

47
Q

What is transient torque spike? (Long definition)

A

When a decrease in RPM is sensed, the fuel governor shoots fuel into the engine to try and maintain rotor RPM. This results in a torque spike.

48
Q

What are some factors that amplify torque spike? (5 things)

A
  • Rate of movement
  • Magnitude of movement
  • Power applied
  • Airspeed
  • Weight
49
Q

What is transient torque spike? (Short definition)

A

Aerodynamic phenomenon that occurs given lateral cyclic

50
Q

Describe the string theory in relation to transient torque spike

A

Think of a string attached to the cyclic. You want to keep tension in the string. If you move the cyclic to the right (away from the collective) then you have to raise the collective.

51
Q

Vbe

A

Velocity best endurance

Greatest airborne time per unit of fuel consumed

52
Q

Vy

A

Max rate of climb per unit time

53
Q

Vx

A

Max rate of climb per unit distance

54
Q

Vbr

A

Velocity best range, most miles per gallon

55
Q

LTE

A

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness

56
Q

Describe LTE

A

Uncontrolled, rapid, right yaw that can cause loss of control

57
Q

What are different types of tail rotor issues? (4 things)

A
  • Wind (LTE)
  • Mechanical limit (Physical stop)
  • Mechanical failure (Fixed pitch/stuck pedal)
  • Emergency (Loss of components)
58
Q

When are you “OGE”

A

Height that is one rotor diameter above the ground.

59
Q

Autorotation, why do you put the collective down?

A

Because it allows the upward flow of air to keep the rotor spinning in the direction that is was spinning.

60
Q

Autorotation, what would happen if you held the collective up?

A

The rotor would eventually stop, cone up, and break

61
Q

Anything that makes you fall faster will do what to the RPM in an autorotation?

A

Increase the RPM

62
Q

What increases the RPM in an autorotation? (4 things)

A
  • Weight
  • Density altitude
  • Out of trim
  • Turning (left turn- little increase, right turn- big increase)
63
Q

What does aft aft cyclic do to RPM in an autorotation? What does forward cyclic do?

A

Increase RPM, decrease RPM

64
Q

In an autorotation with excessively high RPM, what happens to the regions of the rotor?

A
  • Driving region expands and the driven region shrinks.

Robinson 22 (17 decks)

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