10. Leading, Managing and Supervision Flashcards
the act of keeping a grasp on a situation and ensuring that plans and policies are implemented properly
Supervision
includes giving instructions and inspecting the accomplishment of a task
supervision
who benefit from appropriate supervision
Both managers and staff members
involves judging the worth, quality or significance of staff, ideas, or things, and it includes looking at the ways in which people accomplish a task
Evaluation (Feedback)
For the person being evaluated, it means getting feedback on how well something is being done and interpreting that feedback
is a structured lesson designed to provide employee with knowledge and skills to perform a task
Training
is a process designed to help employers gain greater competence and to overcome barriers to improve job performance
Coaching
Manager qualities needed to counsel effectively:
- Respect for employees
- Self-awareness
- Credibility
- Empathy
includes an awareness of a person’s individuality through unique values, attributes, and skills
Respect for employees
This is a self-understanding by the manager. The more managers are _______ of their own values, needs, and biases, the less likely they will be to project their feelings onto employees
Self-Awareness
This is achieved through both honesty and consistency between the manager’s statements and actions
Credibility
Understanding a staff member’s situation
Empathy
Empathetic managers are better able to help subordinates identify a negative situation and develop a plan to improve the situation
Help employees grow and develop in their ability to achieve organizational or individual goals
goal of counseling
Involves talking with a person in a way that helps that person solve a problem or helps to create conditions that will cause the person to improve behavior
Counseling
the organization is managed by steering councils with horizontal governance to create strategic plans and missions.
Matrix Management
- The organization is considered similar to a living organism, with managers as an organizational part with multiple directives.
- Management categories include functional and operational managers.
the counselor identifies the problem and tells the employee what to do about it
(type of counseling)
Directive Counseling
the employee identifies the problem and determines the solution with the help of the counselor
(type of counseling)
Nondirective Counseling
Three main objectives of Performance Appraisals:
- To measure performance
- To increase performance
- To develop career goals
is getting work/organizational goals completed through the directed efforts of one or more employees. The formally recognized leadership of an organization:
Management
Intentionally influencing the beliefs and actions of willing followers
Leadership
guide, and set the overall course, and determine the major goals of organizations.
Leaders
The leader really is not a job title with a clear job description.
implement the plans to accomplish those goals through oversight of combined efforts of others on a day-to-day basis.
Managers
what makes a leader?
the perspective of leaders:
- Person Perspective: Is it who leaders are that makes them leaders?
- Results Perspective: Is it what leaders achieve that makes them leaders?
- Position Perspective: Is it where leaders operate that makes them leaders?
- Process Perspective: Is it how leaders get things done that makes them leaders?
leadership contradictions: be in control and project confidence
Realize limitations
leadership contradictions: be wise
be modest to avoid self-enhancement
leadership contradictions: Lead
Get out of the way
leadership contradictions: Build systems and teams
Take little direct credit for successful systems and teams
Lead from alongside rather than from above.
lateral leaders
Team members may have several lateral leaders.
The more creative, flexible, and self-motivated people need to be, the more…
decentralized (lateral) leadership needs to be.
= vertically arranged tiers of personnel in an organization.
Hierarchy
________ represents a chain-of-command with direct, upward, reporting responsibility (direct reporting)
The hierarchy
Traditionally, organization hierarchies divide management into three tiers:
- Upper level management: vision, values, mission
- Middle level management: coordination of groups
- Lower level, or first-level management: short term goals
Skills of Managers:
- Technical skill
- Human skills
- Conceptual skills
the ability to see the “big picture”
conceptual skills
top level mgmt requires what type of skill?
interpersonal skills
supervisory (lower) level requires what type of skill?
technical skills
managers impose their decisions on staff; demand compliance
(managerial style)
autocratic
decisions made by consensus vote of employees
Laissez-faire/Democratic
reliance on personality to lead & inspire employees
Charismatic
consider advice & feelings of others prior to making decisions
(managerial style)
Consultative
allows staff to assume responsibility for decision-making & problem-solving via assignments from manager
(managerial style)
Delegating
uses power of persuading staff that decisions already made are the correct ones to implement
(managerial style)
Persuasive
reward staff in return for compliance, e.g., bonus incentive
(managerial style)
transactional
focuses on staff and attitude development to improve their knowledge and skill
(managerial style)
Transformational
A key strength of an effective manager is selecting and using the_____
appropriate style
– Appropriate to the employee – At the right time
Much of what takes place in organizations occurs by routines people work out by themselves
Distributed leadership
= a small number of people charged with making meaningful work-related decisions
Small size teams
The purpose is to improve coordination between distinct but interdependent organization subunits and external stakeholders. Formed for a limited duration:
Cross-functional team
Autonomous or semiautonomous in terms of direction and oversight
Self-managed work team
difference bet mgmt and leadership
