10) Infectious Diseases Flashcards
pathogen name and type of Cholera
Vibrio Cholerae
- bacteria
pathogen name and type of malaria
Plasmodium
- protoctist
pathogen name and type of HIV/AIDS
HIV
- virus
pathogen name and type of TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis + bovis
- bacteria
symptoms of Cholera
- diarrhoea
- dehydration
- nausea
- vomiting
- muscle cramps
symptoms of Malaria
- fever
- shivering/ sweating
- headache
- anaemia
- enlarged speen
- muscle pain
symptoms of HIV/AIDS
- may not appear until years later
- flu like symptoms (only HIV, no AIDS at this stage)
symptoms of TB
- cough 3+ weeks
- cough blood/sputum
- chest pain
- weakness/fatigue
- weight loss
method of diagnosis for Cholera
- rapid tests
- stool culture
method of diagnosis for Malaria
- microscopy
- rapid tests
method of diagnosis for HIV/AIDS
- antibody test
- nucleic acid test
method of diagnosis for TB
- TB skin test
- TB blood test
prevention for Cholera
- sewage treatment
- clean water treated with chlorine
- vaccination programs where Cholera is endemic
prevention for Malaria
- reduce mosquitoes
- avoid being bitten
- use prophylactic drugs to prevent plasmodium infecting people
prevention for HIV/AIDS
- screen/heat treat blood donations
- use condoms
- treat HIV moms & babies w drugs
- education programs
prevention for TB
- BCG vaccine
- cattle testing
- pasteurising milk
- cooking meat properly
control for Cholera
- oral hydration therapy
- solution of water w glucose/salts.
- monitoring programs by WHO
- use of antibiotics in severe cases
control for Malaria
- improve diagnosis
- improve supply of drugs
-use drugs in combo to reduce resistance - promote prevention of transmission
control for HIV/AIDS
- contact tracing
- screen blood donations
- antiretroviral drugs
- sterile needles
- testing for high risk groups
control for TB
- contact tracing
- testing contacts
method of transmission for Cholera
ingestion of food/water contaminated with faecal matter
method of transmission for Malaria
- via disease vector (carrier)
- female Amopheles mosquito
method of transmission for HIV/AIDS
- blood from infected
- sexual contact
- fetus and mother
method of transmission for TB
airborne droplet infection (cough/ sneeze –> droplets –> inhale)
explain how vaccination can control infectious diseases
- immune response
- primary immune response : formation of antibodies
- formation of memory cells
- memory cells remain for a long time
what is an infectious disease
- transmissible
- caused by a pathogen
what are the species of Plasmodium? (4)
- malariae
- falciparum
- vivax
- ovale
