10-Different Methods of Dead Animal Disposal

Question 1

DIFFERENT METHODS OF DISPOSAL (7)

Answer 1

burial
composting
pyre burning
incineration in a dedicated facility
air curtain incineration
rendering
bio refining

Question 2

• Whole dead animals are buried and covered by soil.
• It may not inactivate all pathogenic agents.
• Possible contamination of ground water.

Answer 2

Burial

Question 3

• It is a natural biological decomposition process that takes place in the presence of oxygen.
• However, some viruses and spore forming bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis, and other pathogenic agents such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis may survive.

Answer 3

Composting

Question 4

• An open system of burning dead animals that can be conducted on site with no requirement for transportation of animal material.
• It takes an extended period of time and has no way of verifying inactivation of pathogenic agents, and there may be particulate dissemination from incomplete combustion.

Answer 4

Pyre burning

Question 5

• In such a facility, whole dead animals or parts of animals can be completely burned and reduced to ash, often in conjunction with other substances (such as municipal waste, hazardous waste or hospital waste).
• Effective inactivation of pathogenic agents, including spores, occurs.

Answer 5

Incineration in a dedicated facility

Question 6

• This process fan-forces a mass of air through a manifold, thereby creating a turbulent environment in which incineration is accelerated up to six times for example in a burn-pit.
• The equipment can be mobile and, because it can be used on site, there is no requirement for transportation of the animal material. It also produces effective inactivation of pathogenic agents.

Answer 6

Air curtain incineration

Question 7

• This is a closed system for mechanical and thermal treatment of animal tissues leading to stable, sterilized products, e.g. animal fat and dried animal protein.
• It produces an effective inactivation of all pathogenic agents with the exception of prions where infectivity is reduced.

Answer 7

Rendering

Question 8

• Is a process of high pressure, high temperature, thermal hydrolysis conducted in a sealed pressurized chamber.
• The waste material is treated with high- pressure saturated steam at 180oC under a minimum of 10 bar pressure and continuous disruption by mechanical stirring for a period of 40 minutes.

Answer 8

Bio-refining

Question 9

Things to consider in disposal

Answer 9

✓ Timeliness
✓ Occupational Health and Safety
✓ Pathogen Inactivation
✓ Environmental Concerns
✓ Availability of Capacity
✓ Staff Resources
✓ Societal Acceptance
✓ Equipment
✓ Scavengers and Vectors
✓ Economic Impact

Question 10

It is an acceptable method by DENR, where the design must not contaminate ground water and is completely sealed.

is the simplest way to dispose mortalities but is not sustainable as it requires more spaces and construction through time. It is not also applicable in cases of outbreak.

Answer 10

concrete mortality pit disposal

Question 11

it is DENR approved, for faster decomposition

Answer 11

Enzyme treatment

Question 12

Method of disposal is regulated under what law

Answer 12

R.A. 9003 or Solid Waste Management Act

Question 13

It is the best option to process mortalities but we need to secure permits or government regulations regarding the procedure of transport and treatment. Moreover, truck and people biosecurity must be in place as it moves from farm to farm.

Answer 13

Rendering off site

Question 14

It is feasible but handling of by-products on site must be reviewed for possible infection source.

Answer 14

Rendering on site