Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MBBCh 2- PHSL2004A > 10. Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

10. Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How is the nervous system divided?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the nervous system act?

A
  • The nervous system acts by means of electrical signals (APs) to control the rapid response of the body.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Nerve and muscle cells =
A

= excitable tissue because they are able to produce electrical signals when excited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ANS?

A
  • Autonomic = self- governing
  • Regulates activities of systems not under voluntary control e.g. respiration, circulation, digestion, metabolism, sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • ANS concerned with control of tagged tissues: (4)
A
  • Cardiac muscles
  • Smooth muscle in blood vessels & viscera
  • Glands
  • Helps maintain a constant internal body environment ( homeostasis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Divided into two major anatomically districts divisions that have largely opposing actions: (2)
A
  • Sympathetic ( Thoracolumbar/ SNS)
  • Parasympathetic (craniosacral/ PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Divided into two major anatomically districts divisions that have largely opposing actions: (2)
A
  • Sympathetic ( Thoracolumbar/ SNS)
  • Parasympathetic (craniosacral/ PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • importance of SNS & PNS:
A
  • Many commonly used medications (e.g medications for treating high BP, for regulating GIT function, or for maintaining a regular heart beat) have their major actions on nerves within these systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • importance of SNS & PNS:
A
  • Many commonly used medications (e.g medications for treating high BP, for regulating GIT function, or for maintaining a regular heart beat) have their major actions on nerves within these systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are cell bodies of primary neurones/ presynaptic/ preganglionic neurones located?

A
  • Cell bodies of primary neurones/ presynaptic/ preganglionic neurones are located in the intermediolateral ( IML ) gray column of the spinal chord or in the brain stem nuclei.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of cell bodies of primary neurones/ presynaptic/ preganglionic neurones located? (2)

A
  • They send axons which are usually small-diameter, myelinated,relatively slow conducting B fibres to synapse with secondary/ postsynaptic/postganglionic neurones located in one of the autonomic ganglia.
  • From there, the postganglionic axon ( mostly unmyelinated C fibres) passes to its target
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • The autonomic outflow system projects widely to most _____ ______ and is not as highly focused as the somatic motor system.
A

target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Because the postganglionic fibres outnumber preganglionic fibres by a ratio of ___:__ , a single preganglionic neurone may control the autonomic functions of a rather extensive terminal area
A

32:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Comparison of the ANS with the somatic nervous system:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autonomic Nervous System:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Somatic Nervous System:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the autonomic nerve pathway?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic nervous system - pathway to the effector organ:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autonomic nervous system - Parasympathetic division, pathway to the effector pathway:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Autonomic nervous system - Sympathetic division, pathway to the effector pathway:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Origin of fibres:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous
Origin of fibres:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pathway to effector organs
PNS vs SNS:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structural differences between SNS & PNS:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structural differences between SNS & PNS:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dual effector control: (2)

A
  • Systems have opposing effects
  • Antagonistic e.g. Heart: SNS increase HR, while PNS decrease HR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Tonically active:

A

Partially active always; balance between the two which results in more precise, fine control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  • Complementary SNS & PNS _______ e.g. salivary glands: PNS causes watery saliva, while SNS causes thick, viscous saliva
A

activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

SNS vs PNS functions:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are neurotransmitters? (3)

A
  • substances released by synaptic terminals for the purpose of transmitting information from one nerve cell to another
  • Bind to post synaptic membrane receptors where they have an effect
  • important to ANS Acetylcholine (Ach) and noradrenaline (NA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the functions of neurotransmitters?

A
  • change cell membrane permeability to ion (open/closes channels) increase Or decrease Enzyme attached to receptor (2nd messengers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the functions of neurotransmitters?

A
  • change cell membrane permeability to ion (open/closes channels) increase Or decrease Enzyme attached to receptor (2nd messengers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the receptors of neurotransmitters?

A
  • Different types of receptors so that organs can have different reactions to the same stimulus e.g fight or flight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cholinergic receptors:
* Synaptic transmission mediated by ________ (Ach)

A

acetylcholine (Ach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the types of Cholinergic receptors? (2)

A
  • Nicotinic Pre-post ganglionic
  • Muscarinic Postganglionic-end organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where are Cholinergic receptors found?

A
  • Always found between pre and post ganglionic neurones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or false
All parasympathetic postganglionic neurones are also cholinergic

A

True, All parasympathetic postganglionic neurones are also cholinergic ie. Release Ach so must bind to Muscarinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True or false, not all sympathetic postganglionic fibres are adrenergic

A

False, most sympathetic post ganglionic fibres are adrenergic so act on alpha or beta receptors except sweat glands and post ganglionic neurones that end on blood vessels on some skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are adrenergic receptors? (3)

A
  • Synaptic transmission mediated by noradrenaline or adrenaline
  • Alpha with subtypes a1 and a2
  • Beta with subtypes B1, B2, and B3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How are cholinergic fibres found in the parasympathetic system?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How are cholinergic fibres and adrenergic fibres found in the sympathetic system?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Comparison of SNS and PNS: (5)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How does the ACh synapse work? (3)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How does the ACh synapse work? (3)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How does the noradrenaline synapse work?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are 2nd messengers?

A
  • An intracellular chemical that is activated by the binding of an extra cellular 1st messenger to a surface receptor site, triggering a pre- programmed series of biochemical events that alter activity of intracellular proteins controlling a particular cellular activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

2nd messengers examples: (2)

A
  • Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
  • Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How does the first messenger (neurotransmitter) utilize a cellular response?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How does the first messenger (neurotransmitter) utilize a cellular response?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Neurotransmitter: ACh
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Increased/decreased:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Neurotransmitter: ACh
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Increased/decreased:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Neurotransmitter: NA
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Increased/decreased:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How do IP3 and DAG work?

48
Q

How does cAMP work?

49
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- a1 receptors: (4)

50
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- a2 receptors: (3)

50
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- a2 receptors: (3)

51
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- B1 receptors: (2)

51
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- B1 receptors

52
Q

Effect of receptors on 2nd messengers:
- B2 receptors: (3)

53
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Blood vessels:
* SNS: B2 (NA) = (2)

A
  • SNS: B2 (NA) = vasodilation (increased blood flow to heart & skeletal muscles)
  • Regulation is achieved by or the firing rate above or below the tonic level in sympathetic fibres
54
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Blood vessels:
* SNS: a1 (NA) = (2)

A
  • SNS: a1 (NA) = vasoconstriction (decreased blood flow to skin, organs, and gut)
  • Regulation is accomplished by or the firing rate above or below the tonic level in sympathetic fibres
55
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Sweat glands -
* Apocrine sweat glands: (4)

56
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Sweat glands -
* Eccrine sweat glands: (5)

57
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Eye - PUPIL
* Radial muscle of the iris: (3)

A
  • SNS (a1) Contraction
  • Dilation of the pupil Let’s more light in
  • Sphincter/ circular muscle does not respond to NA, but responds to Ach
58
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Eye - PUPIL
* Ciliary muscle: (2)

A
  • SNS (B2) —> Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
  • Zonular fibre/ suspenders ligaments pulled tight —> Flattens lens —-> for distant vision
59
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Eye - PUPIL
* Ciliary muscle: (2)

A
  • SNS (B2) —> Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
  • Zonular fibre/ suspenders ligaments pulled tight —> Flattens lens —-> for distant vision
60
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Lungs (B2): (2)

A
  • bronchodilation
  • decreased mucous secretion
61
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Urinary bladder: (2)

A
  • relaxes bladder wall (B2) —> Can hold more urine
  • contracts sphincter (a1) —-> Inhibits micturition pathway
62
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
GIT/stomach (a1, a2): (3)

63
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Kidneys: (2)

64
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
Kidneys: (2)

65
Q

SNS effects on specific targets
B3 receptors: (2)

A
  • in adipose tissue
  • increase in cAMP
66
Q

SNS specific effects
Neurotransmitter: NA
Tissue: Heart Muscle, SA node
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

67
Q

SNS specific effects
Neurotransmitter: NA
Tissue: Bronchioles, BV (skeletal muscle), Bladder wall & GIT
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

68
Q

SNS specific effects
Neurotransmitter: NA
Tissue: Arteries, Bladder sphincter, Apocrine sweat glands & salivary glands
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

69
Q

SNS specific effects
Neurotransmitter: ACh
Tissue: Eccrine sweat glands
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

70
Q

PNS effects on specific targets
Gall bladder:

A
  • Contraction to release bile
71
Q

PNS effects on specific targets
Urinary bladder:

A
  • Pathway through which micturition reflex occurs Sphincter relaxation —-> + bladder wall contraction
72
Q

PNS effects on specific targets
Stomach/GIT: (3)

73
Q

PNS effects on specific targets
Rectum & Anus:

A
  • pathway through which defecation reflex occurs
74
Q

PNS effects on specific targets
Rectum & Anus:

A
  • pathway through which defecation reflex occurs
75
Q

PNS specific effects
Neurotransmitter: ACh
Tissue: Heart - SA node
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

76
Q

Neurotransmitter: ACh
Tissue: Smooth muscle - GIT, bronchioles, bladder wall, bladder sphincter
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

77
Q

Neurotransmitter: ACh
Tissue: Salivary glands, GIT glands, Mucous (bronchi)
Receptor:
2nd messenger:
Effect:

78
Q

Comparison of SNS and PNS target organs:

79
Q

How are the lungs involved in the PNS and SNS?

80
Q

What is the anatomy of an asthma attack?

81
Q

How are the heart, peripheral blood vessels, adrenal gland and sweat glands involved in the PNS and SNS?

82
Q

How is the liver, gall bladder, pancreas and GIT involved in the PNS and SNS?

83
Q

How is the bladder involved in the PNS and SNS?

84
Q

How are the eyes (iris muscle - pupil diameter) involved in the PNS and CNS?

85
Q

Target Tissue: Heart
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

86
Q

Target Tissue: Blood vessels
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

87
Q

Target Tissue: Adrenal gland
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

87
Q

Target Tissue: Adrenal gland
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

88
Q

Target Tissue: Sweat glands
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

89
Q

Target Tissue: Lungs
Sympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Post-synaptic receptor:
Tissue response:

Parasympathetic response
Neurotransmitter released:
Tissue response:

90
Q

Summary of ANS control of specific target organs: READ & STUDY (1)

91
Q

Summary of ANS control of specific target organs: READ & STUDY (2)

92
Q

What is an agonist/stimulant/mimetic? (2)

A
  • substance that activates receptor = agonist/stimulant/mimetic
  • Enhances ANS response + binds NT receptors & mimics NT
93
Q

What is an antagonist/blocker? (3)

A
  • substances that inhibit receptor = antagonist, blocker
  • depresses AND response + binds NT receptor & blocks NT
  • does not elicit a response
94
Q

What is an antagonist/blocker? (3)

A
  • substances that inhibit receptor = antagonist, blocker
  • depresses AND response + binds NT receptor & blocks NT
  • does not elicit a response
95
Q

What is an agonist?

A
  • Chemicals (ligands) that binds to receptors to activate them —-> Cellular response & mimics actions of NTs
96
Q

What is an antagonist? (2)

A
  • Blocker
  • chemicals (ligands) that bind to receptors to prevent the actions of agonists —-> No cellular response
97
Q

Pharmacology & Ach synapse
Nicotinic Agonist:
Muscarinic agonist:

98
Q

Pharmacology & Ach synapse process:

99
Q

Pharmacology & Ach synapse:
Nicotinic Antagonist -
Muscarinic Antagonist -

100
Q

Pharmacology & Ach synapse:
ACh inhibitors:

101
Q

Pharmacology & NA synapse
Agonists:

102
Q

Pharmacology & NA synapse
Blockers:

103
Q

Pharmacology & NA synapse
Stimulants:

104
Q

Pharmacology & NA synapse
Reuptake inhibitors:

105
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Beta Blocker
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

106
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Alpha Blocker
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

107
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Muscarinic agonist
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

108
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Anticholinesterase
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

109
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Anticholinesterase
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

110
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Beta Agonist
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

111
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Alpha Agonist
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

112
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Non-specific adrenergic agonist (adrenaline)
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

113
Q

Pharmacological interventions
Pharmacological Agent: Muscarinic blocker
Signs & symptoms:
Used to treat:

114
Q

Diseases
Horner’s syndrome:

A
  • Lesions of cervical parts of sympathetic chain produces characteristic signs on ipsilateral side of face
115
Q

Diseases
* Enophthalamos —>

A

Slight retraction of globe of eye Paralysis of smooth muscle

116
Q

Diseases
* Ptosis —->

A

Drooping of eyelid —-> Paralysis of smooth muscle part of lavatory palpebrae

117
Q

Diseases
* Miosis —–>

A

Constricted pupils —-> Unopposed PNS action

118
Q

Diseases
* Anhidrosis —->

A

Loss of sweating —> Over the half of face and neck

119
Q

What is Pheochromocytoma?

A
  • Catecholamine-secreting tumour
    Mostly increased NA
120
Q

Pheochromocytoma:
HR:
BP:

121
Q

Symptoms of Pheochromocytoma: (3)

122
Q

Pheochromocytoma:
What are the consequences of Long term increased In catecholamines? (6)

MBBCh 2- PHSL2004A (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions