Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology Week 1 2018/19 > 10: Anatomy - Auditory, vestibular and visual pathways > Flashcards

10: Anatomy - Auditory, vestibular and visual pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?

A

Cochlear part of CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which specialised cells are responsible for picking up vibrations in the inner ear?

Where exactly are they found?

A

Hair cells

Scala media in the Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type of nerve fibre is closely related to hair cells in the cochlea and converts vibrations to action potentials?

A

Special sensory fibres of CN VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do special sensory fibres of the inner ear synapse before travelling to the brain?

A

Spiral ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which two parts of the brainstem do the special sensory neurons of CN VIII synapse?

A

Cochlear nuclei in the PONS

Inferior colliculus in the MIDBRAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which nerve bodies do special sensory fibres from the ear synapse at in the

a) inner ear
b) pons
c) midbrain

before passing to the auditory cortex of the brain?

A

a) Spiral ganglion

b) Cochlear nucleus

c) Inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In which lobe is the primary auditory cortex found?

A

Temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At which point do fibres from the auditory pathway decussate?

A

After the cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do all auditory pathway fibres cross over after the cochlear nucleus?

A

No

So after this the pathway is bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After the cochlear nucleus, the auditory pathway for each side of the brain contains fibres from the (ipsilateral / contralateral) side.

A

both

so the pathway is bilateral; info from both ears is processed on both sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does tonotopy mean in relation to the auditory pathway?

A

Different frequencies of sound are processed by different parts of the primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What named area is found in the primary auditory cortex?

A

Wernicke’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What named area is found in the posterior frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which named area of the brain is damaged to cause difficulty comprehending language?

A

Wernicke’s area of the primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is difficulty comprehending language called?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which named area is damaged to cause a difficulting producing language?

A

Broca’s area in the posterior frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is difficulty producing language called?

A

Broca’s aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is difficulty

a) producing

b) comprehending

language called?

Which areas of the brain are damaged to cause these diseases?

A

a) Broca’s aphasia - posterior frontal lobe

b) Wernicke’s aphasia - primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

19
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for balance?

A

Vestibular part of CN VIII

20
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

A

CN II - Optic nerve

21
Q

What is unusual about the nerve arrangement of the retina?

A

Light needs to pass through all the ganglia and axons to reach photoreceptors

22
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptor found in the eye?

A

Rods

Cones

23
Q

Which type of light is picked up by rods?

A

Black and white; low light

High acuity - so subtle movements but not in much detail

24
Q

Which type of light is picked up by cones?

A

Colour

Low acuity

25
Q

Which side of the brain is information from the right visual field processed on?

A

Left

26
Q

Which side of the brain is information from the left visual field processed on?

A

Right side

27
Q

At which structures in the visual pathway do nerve fibres

a) cross over
b) synapse?

A

a) Optic chiasm

b) Lateral geniculate nucleus

28
Q

Where does the first synapse in the visual pathway occur?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

29
Q

What are the paired structures, found in the midbrain, which are involved in vision and hearing?

Which is involved in each sense?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

Vision - superior colliculus

Hearing - inferior colliculus

30
Q

What is the end-point of the visual pathway?

Where in the brain is it found?

A

Visual cortex

Posterior occipital lobe

31
Q

Which feature of the occipital lobe is the visual cortex found around?

A

Calcarine sulcus

32
Q

Where in the brain is the

a) visual cortex
b) auditory cortex found?

A

a) Posterior occipital lobe

b) Temporal lobe

33
Q

Which areas of the visual cortex process

a) the superior visual field
b) the inferior visual field?

A

a) INFERIOR visual cortex (below the calcarine sulcus)

b) SUPERIOR visual cortex (above the calcarine sulcus)

34
Q

Which visual fields are processed by the

a) visual cortex ABOVE the calcarine sulcus

b) visual cortex BELOW the calcarine sulcus?

A

a) Inferior visual field

b) Superior visual field

35
Q

Where does information from the macula get processed?

A

Posterior pole of the visual cortex

same arrangement re: superior and inferior

36
Q

Which areas of the brain are involved in

a) hearing
b) balance
c) vision?

A

a) Primary auditory cortex - temporal lobe

b) Loads of areas, doesn’t seem that important

c) Primary visual cortex - occipital lobe

37
Q

In terms of the visual pathway, what is Meyer’s loop?

Which structure of the brain does it go around?

A

The part of the tract processing UPPER VISUAL FIELD info, running from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex

Lateral ventricle

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of Meyer’s loop?

A

Because of its weird course, it can be damaged in surgery

e.g temporal lobe surgery re: epilepsy

39
Q

What visual field defect will a patient get if Meyer’s loop is damaged?

A

“Pie in the sky” defect

A superior homonymous quadrantanopia, because it processes superior visual field info on the contralateral side for both eyes

40
Q

Which nucleus is for pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibres from CN III and is involved in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

41
Q

Is the pupillary light reflex unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

42
Q

If a visual pathway lesion involves the visual cortex (i.e occurs towards the end of the pathway), what will be seen in the visual field defect?

A

Macular sparing

43
Q

What specific parts of the brain are responsible for

a) most motor stuff

b) most sensory stuff

c) processing of motor and sensory signals before sending them to the cerebrum

d) alteration of motor signals to fit reality

e) hearing

f) vision?

A

a) Motor - pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe

b) Sensory - post-central gyrus of occipital lobes

c) Processing/Relay - thalamus

d) Alteration - cerebellum

e) Hearing - primary auditory cortex; temporal lobes

f) Vision - primary visual cortexl occipital lobe

Neurology Week 1 2018/19 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions