Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology Week 1 2018/19 > 1: Anatomy - CNS Overview > Flashcards

1: Anatomy - CNS Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Remember there’s the Enteric nervous system as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which organs make up the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which nerves make up the PNS?

A

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves and all their branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the embryological origin of the brain?

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Imagine you’re looking at the inferior surface of the brain. What are the three embryological vesicles it originates from, anterior to posterior?

A

Prosencephalon (most anterior)

Mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon (most inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What three structures, from superior to inferior, make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

think MPM (and midbrain must be at the top)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which CNS cells receive, process and send information?

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the

a) projections
b) bodies

of neurons called?

A

a) Dendrites and axons

b) Soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon?

A

Dendrites receive impulses

Axons send impulses

Neurons usually have many dendrites but only one axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What word is used to describe a neuron with many dendrites?

A

Multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of glial cell supports other brain cells and maintains homeostasis?

What important structure do they maintain?

A

Astrocytes

Blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Astrocytes support the endothelium of brain capillaries to maintain which structure?

A

Blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which substance insulates axons to increase conduction velocity?

A

Myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which glial cells produce myelin?

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which glial cells are part of the immune system?

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which immune cells do microglia closely resemble?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which glial cells line the ventricles of the brain and closely resemble epithelial cells?

A

Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of

a) oligodendrocytes
b) astrocytes
c) ependymal cells
d) microglia?

A

a) Lay down myelin sheathes

b) Homeostasis, blood brain barrier

c) Line CSF-filled ventricles

d) Immune surveillance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of matter found in the brain?

A

Grey matter

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the names are given to the

a) bumps
b) grooves
c) really deep grooves

of the brain?

A

a) Gyrus (gyri)

b) Sulcus (sulci)

c) Fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In which matter are

a) the bodies of neurons and glial cells
b) axons

found?

A

a) Grey matter

b) White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Grey and white matter is also found in the spinal cord.

What shapes is white matter arranged into?

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Grey matter is generally found on the ___ of the brain and the ___ of the spinal cord.

A

outside of the brain

inside of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is white matter found on the inside or the outside of the brain?

A

Inside

imagine the projections running from the inner brain to the spinal cord; remember the internal capsule (a central structure) is where white matter travels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In the spinal cord, what is grey matter arranged into?

A

Anterior and posterior horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where in the spinal cord is grey matter found?

A

Inside

In an H shape

28
Q

Which neurons are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Motor neurons

Autonomic neurons

29
Q

Which neurons are found in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory neuron

30
Q

The central sulcus runs along the middle of the brain on the coronal plane.

Which two areas are found anterior and posterior to this sulcus?

What are their other names?

A

Pre-central gyrus OR Motor strip OR Primary somatomotor area

Post-central gyrus OR Sensory strip OR Primary somatosensory area

31
Q

Which fissure divides the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe below?

A

Lateral fissure / Sylvian fissure

32
Q

If you were to take a coronal view of the brain and draw a line down the midline, which fissure would the line run through?

A

Longitudinal fissure / Interhemispheric fissure

33
Q

What is the bridge of white matter which crosses the midline of the brain on an axial plane?

A

Corpus callosum

Superior to the lateral ventricles

34
Q

Which tract of white matter connects the brainstem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex?

A

Internal capsule

35
Q

Which fissures / sulci are found

a) along the midline, on the sagittal plane
b) along the midline, on the coronal plane
c) above the corpus callosum, seen only from a sagittal view
d) in the occipital lobe, seen only from a sagittal view
e) separating the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

a) Longitudinal fissure
b) Central sulcus
c) Cingulate sulcus
d) Calcarine sulcus
e) Parieto-occipital sulcus

36
Q

What is the name given to a space within the brain which contains CSF?

A

Ventricle

37
Q

How many lobes does each brain hemisphere have?

A

5

4 named for the bones and the insular lobe (found deep to other lobes)

38
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges (from superficial to deep)?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

39
Q

What is found deep to the arachnoid mater, before the pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

40
Q

What is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

41
Q

What feature of the arachnoid mater allows CSF to drain to the dural sinuses?

A

Arachnoid granulations

42
Q

How thick is the pia mater?

A

Very very thin

43
Q

What holes connect the

a) subarachnoid space and lateral ventricles
b) lateral and 3rd ventricles
c) 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

a) Subarachnoid granulations
b) Interventricular foramen (of Monro)
c) Cerebral aqueduct

44
Q

Which space allows CSF to enter the brainstem and spinal cord?

A

Central canal

45
Q

Which arteries give off

a) the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
b) the posterior cerebral and basilar arteries?

A

a) Internal carotid arteries

b) Vertebral arteries

46
Q

Which anastomosis of arteries supplies much of the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

47
Q

Which hole in the base of the skull drains blood into the internal jugular vein?

A

Jugular foramen

48
Q

List from anterior to posterior the following vesicles of the early brain:

mesencephalon, prosencephalon, rhombencephalon

A

Prosencephalon

Mesencephalon

Rhombencephalon

49
Q

Later in development, there are five vesicles forming the brain instead of three.

What are they called, from anterior to posterior?

A

Prosencephalon splits into TELENCEPHALON and DIENCEPHALON

Mesencephalon remains

Rhombencephalon splits into METENCEPHALON and MYELENCEPHALON

50
Q

List, from anterior to posterior, the five vesicles of the early brain.

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

Mesencephalon

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

51
Q

What does the telencephalon (most anterior brain vesicle) develop into?

A

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

i.e the big bulky masses of the brain

52
Q

What does the diencephalon develop into?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

di - so it develops into two things

53
Q

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

A

Midbrain

mes - think middle

54
Q

What does the metencephalon develop into?

A

Pons

Cerebellum

55
Q

What does the myelencephalon (most posterior vesicle) develop into?

A

Medulla oblongata

56
Q

Name the vesicles which give rise to the

a) cerebral hemispheres
b) thalamus and hypothalamus
c) midbrain
d) pons and cerebellum
e) medulla oblongata

A

a) Telencephalon

b) Diencephalon

c) Mesencephalon

d) Metencephalon

e) Myelencephalon

57
Q

Which brain structure is found within the third ventricle of the brain is described as “two potatoes touching one another”?

A

Thalamus

58
Q

Which hole connects the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

59
Q

Which bit of tissue connects the two halves of the thalamus within the third ventricle?

A

Interthalamic adhesion

60
Q

Which gland is connected to the posterior part of the third ventricle and produces melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

61
Q

What are the five lobes of the brain?

A

On each side:

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

occipital lobe

insular lobe

separated by the longitudinal fissure

62
Q

Which sulci separate the

a) frontal lobe and parietal lobe
b) parietal lobe and temporal lobe
c) parietal lobe and occipital lobe?

A

a) Central sulcus

b) Lateral fissue

c) Parieto-occipital sulcus

63
Q

Which landmark separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum?

A

Preoccipital notch

64
Q

Where is the insular lobe found?

A

Deep to the temporal lobe

You can’t usually see it

65
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexuses in the ventricles

66
Q

From which structures does blood from the brain drain into the internal jugular vein?

A

Dural venous sinuses

so the cavernous sinuses and intercavernous sinuses

Neurology Week 1 2018/19 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions