10 Flashcards
define severe depression
3/3 of: - persistent low mood >2weeks - fatigue - anhedonia 8+ of: - self harm/ suicidal thoughts/ ideation - guilt - decreased appetite - disturbed sleep - reduced concentration - low self-esteem - bleak and pessimistic views of the future
how long does a short term detention certificate last for
28 days
valproic acid side effects
- thrombocytopenia
- N+V
- weight gain
- sedation
- tremor
- hair loss
- increased risk of neural tube defect
presentation high dose alcohol
- disorientation
- N+V
- slurred speech
- impaired attention and judgement
- unsteadiness
- flushing
- stupor
- nystagmus
- mood instability
- disinhibition
- unconscious
carbamazepine target level
4-12
investigations/ checks pre-starting carbamazepine
- baseline LFTs
- FBC
- ECG
delusional perceptions
see something that is real but instantly believes there is a meaning behind it
first and second line ADHD management
methylphenidate
atomoxetine
downsides to cocaine
- damage to nose and airway
- convulsions with resp failure
- cardiac arrythmias
- MI
- hypertension
- toxic confusion
- paranoid psychosis
effects MDMA
- euphoria followed by feeling of calm
- increase in sociability
- inability to distinguish between what is and what isn’t desirable
- lasts 20mins-4hours
describe how reward centres work
ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons are stimulated, dopamine is released causing a sensation of pleasure/ reward
conditions which may involve psychosis
- depression
- schizophrenia
- bipolar
- delirium
- severe affective disorder
- depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
- manic episode with psychotic symptoms
what is the psychoactive agent in cannabis
tetrahydrocannabinol
retardation
severe psychomotor impairment, slowing of motor responses including speech
depression
unpleasant emotion in which sadness predominates
describe dispositional tolerance
less drug reaches active site
e.g. decreased rate of absorption
increased secretion
describe alcoholic hallucinations
develops 12-24 hours after heavy drinking stops suddenly
auditory or visual
most commonly accusatory or threatening voices
define alcoholic dependance
for >1 month, 3 or more of:
- cravings
- difficulty controlling use
- increased tolerance
- physiological withdrawal on reduction
- persistence despite harmful consequences
physiological changes acute alcoholic hepatitis
- bilirubin >125
- INR >1.5
- WCC >15
- age >50
- urea >5
cause of acute alcoholic hepatitis
> 8 units of alcohol per day
affect of alcoholism on relationships
- aggression
- marital difficulties
- poor parenting
- neglect
- loss of friendship/ social support
effect of alcohol on physical health
- immunosuppression
- liver problems e.g. cirrhosis
- endocarditis
- acid reflux
- teeth damage
- decrease muscle
- memory loss
- dementia
- hallucinations
- fits
- arrythmias
- ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke
- HF
- hypertension
- pancreatitis
