10

Question 1

What are macromolecules

Answer 1

Cells and their organelles are made up of macromolecules.
There are 4 main types, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid.

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

One basic subunit of a macromolecule

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

A chain of monomers to create macromolecules

Question 4

Carbohydrate

Answer 4

Also known as sugar, composed of carbon and water (CH2 O)n.
Stores energy in chemical bonds and most common monosaccharide (their basic monomer) is glucose.
Their polymers are known as polysaccharides.

Question 5

Simple carbs include

Answer 5

Fruit, vegetables, milk and sweet foods like candy.
Easy to digest.

Question 6

Complex carbs

Answer 6

Bread, pasta, potatoes, legumes and corn.
Takes longer to digest and better for sustaining long term energy

Question 7

Lipids

Answer 7

Fatty acid monomer, lipid polymer

Question 8

Active site

Answer 8

The place on the surface of an enzyme molecule where substrate molecules attach

Question 9

ADP

Answer 9

Adenosine diphosphate, a low energy compound composed of adenine and ribose with two attached phosphate groups, and is converted to atp for energy storage when it gains a phosphate group.

Question 10

Aerobic respiration

Answer 10

A type of cellular respiration in the cytosol and mitochondria when oxygen is present.

Question 11

Alcohol fermentation

Answer 11

Form of Anaerobic respiration where glucose is converted to ethanol

Question 12

Anabolic reactions

Answer 12

In living things that involved the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones and usually require energy to form new bonds

Question 13

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

A type of cellular respiration which takes place in the cytosol in absence of oxygen

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

High energy compound composed of adenine and ribose with 3 phosphate groups, stores usable energy, releases energy for cellular reactions when it’s last phosphate group is removed and converted into ADP

Question 15

Biochemical processes

Answer 15

Chemical processes that occur in living cells and result in products needed by cells

Question 16

Catabolic reactions

Answer 16

The reactions in living things that involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and usually release energy from breaking bonds

Question 17

Cellular metabolism

Answer 17

All of the chemical processes occurring in a living cell

Question 18

Cellular respiration

Answer 18

Biochemical process in the cytosol and mitochondria which metabolises organic compounds (glucose) to release atp.

Question 19

Coenzyme

Answer 19

a small, non protein organic substance that must be present in addition to an enzyme to catslyse a curtain reaction

Question 20

Cofactor

Answer 20

a small, inorganic substance that must be present in addition to an enzyme to catslyse a curtain reaction

Question 21

Denatured

Question 22

Endergonic reaction

Answer 22

An energy requiring chemical reaction

Question 23

Enzyme

Answer 23

A biological catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered itself by lowering the activation energy

Question 24

Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 24

A substance formed when an enzyme molecule and a substrate molecule join

Question 25

Exergonic reaction

Answer 25

Releases energy

Question 26

Glycolysis

Answer 26

And energy yielding process in cytosol where glucose is partially broken down into pyruvate in anaerobic enzyme reactions, first stage of respiration which produces 2 ATP molecules

Question 27

Grana

Answer 27

A Stack of thylakoid membranes in s chloroplast containing chrorophyll

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

All the biochemical reactions in an organism (catabolic and anabolic)

Question 29

Introduced fit model

Answer 29

Suggests that the shape of an enzymes active cite undergoes specific changes induced by the substrate to achieve a high degree of specificity with the substrate

Question 30

Inhibitor

Answer 30

A substance that competes with a substrate for an enzymes active site

Question 31

Phosphorylation

Answer 31

The process when a bond forms between an available phosphate group and ADP producing ATP

Question 32

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 32

A form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in animal cells and some anaerobic bacteria where glucose is converted to lactic acid

Question 33

Light dependent stage of photosynthesis

Answer 33

The first stage where required light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and water molecules split to produce oxygen and hydrogen ions and ATP

Question 34

Light independent stage of photosynthesis

Answer 34

The second stage where through a series of reactions, co2, hydrogen ions and ATP produce a carbohydrate

Question 35

Limiting factor

Answer 35

Factors which restrict the rate of reaction regardless of levels of other factors.

Question 36

Psychrophile

Answer 36

An organism that lives in extreme cold

Question 37

Pyruvate

Answer 37

A 3 carbon compound that is the end product of glycolysis

Question 38

Substrate

Answer 38

A reactant an enzyme acts on

Question 39

Thermophile

Answer 39

An organism that in high temperature environments

Question 40

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 40

The interconnected folded membranes within chloroplasts

Question 41

Phosphorylation

Answer 41

The process where a bond forms between an available phosphate group and ADP, to produce ATP

Question 42

Lock and key model

Answer 42

Suggests the shape of s substrate molecule is an extant fit to the shape of an enzymes active site.