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M2 Psych > 10/10 Personality Disorders - Tobia > Flashcards

10/10 Personality Disorders - Tobia Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

definition

A

cognition: process of taking stimuli from environment and obtaining rxn from organism

affectivity: ability to contain one’s emotions

interpersonal functioning: 8 marriages of Elizabeth Taylor

impulse control: ability to think before you act

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2
Q

personality disorder

A
  • deficit in 2 of 4 spheres
  • pervasive across social situations (not just isolated to one setting)
  • stable pattern with onset in adolescence or early adulthood
  • clinically significant
  • not accounted for by another mental disorder, substance, or another gen medical cond
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3
Q

personality disorders: etiology

A

amalgam of all of our ego defense mechanisms in a maladptive state

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4
Q

3 clusters of personality disorders

A

based on similarities of characteristics:

  • odd and eccentric
  • dramatic and emotional
  • anxious and fearful
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5
Q

Cluster A

A

odd and eccentric

  1. paranoid
  2. schizoid
  3. schizotypal

all may be premorbid (ex. schizophrenia)

any of the above may be risk factor for developing psychotic disorder

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6
Q

definitions

reaction formation

denial

sublimation

projection

A

reaction formation: dealing with inability to express a feeling by expressing opposite (saying I hate you instead of I like you)

denial

sublimation: transformation of an impulse into artistic form

projection: attribution of one’s undesired impulses onto another

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7
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A
  • pervasive distrust, suspiciousness
  • lifetime prevalence of 2.5-4.5%
    • incr prevalence among relatives of schizophrenics
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8
Q

schizoid personality (SPD)

schizotypal personality (StPD)

vs PPD

[PPD ddx]

A

PPD patient will avoid due to pervasive distrust/suspicion

SPD patient will avoid but be content

PPD patient will avoid due to pervasive distrust/suspicion

StPD will avoid and demonstrate some eccentricity of behavior

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9
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

emotionally detached from social relationships

restricted range of emotions in interpersonal settings

NO DESIRE for close relationships

ex. hermit (content!)

childhood neglect is hypothesized to play a role → fantasy as an autistic retreat involving creation of imaginary lives to avoid social relationships

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10
Q

SPD ddx

diffs between SPD and PPD/StPD

A

SPD is content in detachment

  • PPD will avoid others due to pervasive distrust/suspiciousness
  • StPD will demonstrate some eccentricity of behavior
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11
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

discomfort with close relationships

eccentricities of behavior

“magical thinking”

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12
Q

StPD ddx

A

StPD demonstrates some eccentricity of behavior

  • PPD will avoid due to pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
  • SPD will be content in their detachment
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13
Q

Cluster B

A

antisocial

borderline

histrionic

narcissistic

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14
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

ADULT-ONLY illness (18 or older)

  • show onset of Conduct Disorder before 15
  • harsh/violent/criminal environment can predispose

disregard for/violation of rights of others

  • acting out

harsh/violent/criminal environment can predispose

  • 3% men, 1% women
  • half arrested → 75% of incarcerated have APD

may remit with age (4th decade)

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15
Q

borderline personality disorder

features

prevalence

etiology

A

aspects of general definition

  • instability in relationships
  • impulsivity

pattern of inflexible defense mechanisms

  • affective instability; ‘splitting’
  • suicidal behavior, gestures (passive aggression + manifestation of inward turning of outward feelings)
  • dissociation

prevalence: 1.5-6%

  • 5x as common in FDR of borderline patients
  • incr rates in families of alcoholics, antisocial PD, mood disorders

etiology:

  • BPD women frequently have suffered from sexual/physical trauma
  • greater stability in relationships/vocational fx in 30s, 40s
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16
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

excessive, superficial emotionality

powerful need for attention

  • dissociation: temp and drastic replacement of unpleasant mood state with a pleasant one
    • often seen as dramatizing, emotionally shallow

prevalence: 1-2%
* link to somatization and antisocial PD

17
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

extremely low self-esteem

need for admiration

grandiosity

lack of empathy

[kind of a hybrid between antisocial/histrionic]

  • interpersonally exploitative
  • twinship transferrance aka alter ego tran

prevalence: 5% (50-75% diagnosed…men!)

18
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious/fearful

  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive-compulsive
19
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

presents similar to schizoid

  • avoidance
  • defense against shame
  • feelings of inadequacy

differences

  • DESIRE for close relationships, but avoid them bc of anxiety produced by sense of inadequacy

avoidance behavior results in absence/removal which allows for avoidance of potential humiliation/embarrassment →→→ reinforces avoidance behavior

prevalence: 2.5%, equal in M/F

20
Q

learning/reinforcement

2x2 table

A
21
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

excessive need to be taken care of

submissive/clingy behavior

defense against aggression; fear of separation

  • separation anxiety
    • normal between 10-16 months
  • stranger anxiety

may remit with age

22
Q

obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

patients are perfectionists (more like TypeA personality disorder)

  • misnomer: DO NOT have to be obsessive or compulsive!

maybe associated with anxiety/mood disorders

pattern of inflexible defense mechs

  • isolation (of affect) → manifests as ritualistic cleaning, etc
  • undoing
  • rxn formation → manifests inner chaos as order/perfectionisms

prevalence: 2-8%, 2x common in men

23
Q

which conditions may remit with age?

A

APD (antisocial)

BPD (borderline)

avoidant

dependent

M2 Psych (24 decks)

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