(1) Surgery Flashcards
What is anaesthesia used for?
- inducing sleep
- pain relief
- muscle relaxant
What is general anaesthesia used for?
Major surgery
What is spinal anaesthesia used for?
- co-morbidities
- ortho-surgery
- hernias
- vascular surgery
What is epidural used for?
- pain relief but able to mobilise
- Labour
- post-op pain management
What is the pre-op process?
- assess respiratory status
- clear secretions
- baseline mobility
- teach transfers
- education on type of surgery
What is the post-op process?
- co-ordinate treatment around pain control
- Increase TV in lungs
- Mobilise asap
- gradual return to pre-baseline status
What should be checked before starting treatment?
- monitors
- drips, catheter, O2 mask
- surgical site
- bedside chart
- pain
- positioning
What is the cycle of deconditioning?
- Prolonged rest
- Increased risk falls
- Increased confusion
- Constipation & incontinence
- Decreased appetite
- Increased risk dysphagia
- Further immobility
- Increased risk infection
What are general risks of surgery?
- Chronic post surgical pain (CPSP)
- Surgery time
- Blood loss
- Wound infection
What are symptoms of atelectasis?
- breathing difficulty
- chest pain
- cough
- decreased BS
What is the Rx for atelectasis?
- bronchodilators
- positioning unaffected side
- ACBT or percussion
- suction & CPAP
What are symptoms of hospital acquired pneumonia?
- cough
- dyspnea
- chest pain
- decreased O2 saturation
- increased RR & HR
- bronchial BS
- inspiratory crackles
How is hospital acquired pneumonia diagnosed?
- X-ray
- sputum samples
- blood tests
What is deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?
A static mass (clot) of platelets formed inside veins
What causes DVT?
impaired venous return (immobility)
What are signs of DVT?
localised pain in lower limb
What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Is a mass of matter carried in the blood stream
What causes PE?
- clot in deep veins in leg breaks off and travels lungs
- big enough occlude pulmonary artery
- no perfusion
What are the clinical signs of PE?
- sudden SOB
- increased HR
- increased RR
- chest pain
What is peripheral vascular disease?
Narrowing of the arteries other than those in the heart or brain
What are the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease?
- hair loss on the feet & legs
- numbness and weakness legs
- brittle slow growing nails
- erectile dysfunction
How is peripheral vascular disease assessed?
- Ankle/brachial index - compares blood pressure in arms to BP in legs
- Treadmill exercise test - measure bp in arms and legs pre & post
What are the treatment options for peripheral vascular disease?
- reduce weight
- smoking cessation
- manage BP
- meds
- nutrition
- surgery (excision)
What are arterial ulcers?
Painful injuries on the skin caused by poor circulation
