1-RISK MANAGEMENT Flashcards
1
Q
What is risk management?
A
A process of ensuring and maintaining personal and environmental health and safety in the laboratory
2
Q
Why is risk management needed?
A
Because every laboratory has its own risks and hazards
3
Q
When is risk management performed?
A
In daily practice
4
Q
Who is involved in risk management?
A
Medical Technologists
5
Q
How is risk management conducted?
A
Creating a plan control strategy implementing controls and taking actions after incidents
6
Q
What is the first step in the risk management process?
A
Gather information (hazard identification)
7
Q
What are the three types of hazards?
A
Chemical Physical Biological
8
Q
What type of hazard is most common in the Histopathology Section?
A
Chemical hazards
9
Q
What is the second step in the risk management process?
A
Evaluate the risk
10
Q
What does evaluating the risk involve?
A
Characterizing risks prioritizing risks determining if risks are acceptable
11
Q
How do you categorize risks during evaluation?
A
Based on likelihood of exposure and severity of consequences
12
Q
What is the third step in the risk management process?
A
Develop a risk control strategy
13
Q
What is the best method for hazard control?
A
Elimination or physical removal of hazards
14
Q
What is substitution in hazard control?
A
Replacing a hazard with a less hazardous alternative
15
Q
What are engineering controls in hazard control?
A
Isolating people from hazards (e.g.
16
Q
What are administrative controls in hazard control?
A
Standard Operating Procedures (e.g.
17
Q
What is PPE in hazard control?
A
Personal Protective Equipment least effective but readily available
18
Q
What is the fourth step in the risk management process?
A
Select and implement risk control procedures
19
Q
What is the goal of implementing risk control procedures?
A
To reduce risks to acceptable levels
20
Q
What is the fifth step in the risk management process?
A
Review effectiveness of control
21
Q
When should effectiveness of controls be reviewed?
A
Annually or as needed
22
Q
What are examples of chemical hazards?
A
Cleaning agents disinfectants drugs anesthetic gases solvents paints compressed gases
23
Q
When can exposure to chemical hazards occur?
A
During use and with poor storage
24
Q
What is the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) used for?
A
Classification and labeling of chemicals
25
What is the goal of GHS?
To understand chemical hazards and properly handle substances in histology laboratories
26
What are the three GHS hazard classifications?
Health hazards Physical hazards Environmental hazards
27
What are examples of health hazards in GHS classification?
Acute toxicity skin corrosion/irritation serious eye damage/irritation sensitization germ cell mutagenicity carcinogenicity reproductive toxicity specific target organ system toxicity aspiration toxicity
28
What are examples of physical hazards in GHS classification?
Explosives flammable gases flammable aerosols oxidizing gases gases under pressure flammable liquids flammable solids self-reactive substances pyrophoric liquids pyrophoric solids self-heating substances substances emitting flammable gases oxidizing liquids oxidizing solids organic peroxides substances corrosive to metal
29
What are examples of environmental hazards in GHS classification?
Acute aquatic toxicity chronic aquatic toxicity
30
What are permissible exposure limits (PELs) threshold limit values (TLVs) and occupational exposure limits (OELs)?
Maximum allowable airborne concentration of chemicals
31
Where are PELs commonly utilized?
Manufacturing companies
32
What is TWA (TWAEV)?
Time-weighted average exposure value over an 8-hour work shift
33
What is STEL (STEV)?
Short-term exposure limit for any 15-minute period during a work shift
34
What is CL (CEV)?
Ceiling exposure value maximum permissible instantaneous exposure
35
What are irritants?
Substances causing reversible inflammatory effects at contact sites
36
What are examples of irritants?
Isopropanol methanol hydrochloric acid iodine
37
What are corrosive chemicals?
Substances causing irreversible damage to living tissue or metal surfaces
38
What is an example of a corrosive chemical?
Nitric acid
39
What distinguishes corrosive damage from irritant effects?
Corrosive damage is irreversible while irritant effects are reversible
40
What are sensitizers?
Chemicals causing allergic reactions even in non-hypersensitive individuals
41
What are carcinogens?
Substances inducing tumors in humans and animals
42
What are examples of carcinogens?
Chloroform chromic acid formaldehyde nickel chloride potassium dichromate auramine basic fuchsin benzidine-derived dyes
43
What are toxic materials?
Substances causing death via ingestion skin contact or inhalation at specific concentrations
44
What are examples of toxic materials?
Chloroform methanol chromic acid osmium tetroxide uranyl nitrate
45
What are combustibles?
Chemicals with flash points at or above 38°C (OSHA standard)
46
What is flash point?
Temperature where vapors ignite with an ignition source
47
What are examples of combustibles?
Aliphatic hydrocarbon clearing agents
48
What are flammables?
Chemicals with flash points below 38°C requiring special storage
49
What are examples of flammables?
Acetone isopropanol
50
What are explosives?
Substances causing explosions through aging shaking or chemical reactions
51
What is an example of an explosive chemical?
Picric acid
52
● Initiate or promote combustion in other materials
● Harmless by themselves, may present serious fire risk when in contact with suitable substances
OXIDIZERS
53
OXIDIZERS examples
Sodium iodate, mercuric oxide, chromic acid
54
Primary source for identifying the hazards and proper
handling requirements of a chemical
SAFETY DATA SHEET
55
56
What are personal hygiene practices in the laboratory?
Handwashing no smoking sleeping eating drinking secure dangling jewelry restrain loose clothing tie back long hair
57
What type of footwear is prohibited in the laboratory?
Shorts sandals open-toed shoes
58
What does OSHA's Hazard Communication require for labeling?
Product name signal word GHS hazard statement GHS pictograms GHS precautionary statements name address telephone number of manufacturer
59
What details must be included on chemical labels?
Chemical name manufacturer's name and address date purchased or made expiration date hazard warning safety precautions
60
When should you label chemicals yourself?
When transferring or diluting chemicals
61
What is the NFPA 704 Hazard Identification System used for?
Providing markings to indicate hazards and severity for emergency response
62
Where does the NFPA 704 standard apply?
Industrial commercial institutional facilities handling hazardous materials
63
How is hazard severity indicated in NFPA 704?
Numerical rating from 0 (minimal hazard) to 4 (severe hazard)
64
What are examples of protective equipment?
Closed-toed footwear laboratory gown apron goggles nitrile gloves respirator
65
What are ventilation requirements in histopathology labs?
16-20 air exchanges negative pressure in molecular labs
66
What is the first aid procedure for chemical ingestion?
Do not induce vomiting go to ER immediately
67
Where should dangerous liquids be stored?
Below countertop height
68
What type of cabinet is used for acids?
Specialized acid cabinet
69
Where should flammable liquids never be stored?
Refrigerator or freezer
70
What factors determine spill containment procedures?
Nature of hazard volume of spill qualifications of staff
71
What should a spill plan include?
PPE handling call for help
72
73
What items are included in a spill kit?
Nitrile gloves goggles faceshield respirator disposable biohazard gowns disposable plastic apron cleanup items like adsorbent material bleach baking soda vinegar formalin neutralizing product
74
What is the first step in spill cleanup?
Evaluate risk to determine if trained employees or outside assistance is needed
75
What should be done if evacuation is required during a spill cleanup?
Evacuate people from the area
76
What PPE must be worn during spill cleanup?
Goggles gloves shoe covers aprons respirators chemically resistant to material being cleaned up
77
How can vapors be prevented from spreading during cleanup?
Increase ventilation turn off ignition sources for flammable liquids
78
How should liquid spills be controlled?
Use absorbent materials like socks booms pillows pads special formaldehyde pads
79
How can acids and bases be neutralized during cleanup?
Acids with sodium bicarbonate bases with citric acid exothermic bubbling reaction normal
80
What should be done with contaminated materials after cleanup?
Label and dispose as hazardous waste if applicable non-hazardous materials may go in regular trash
81
How should the contaminated area be cleaned after a spill?
Wash down with soapy water or non-aqueous solvents continue ventilating area
82
What notifications are required after a spill cleanup?
Perform all notifications and required reports
83
What is the purpose of ventilation in chemical hazard management?
Reducing quantity purchased stored and discarded (e.g.
84
What method is used for recycling chemicals to reduce hazards?
Simple distillation
85
Why is recycling important for chemical hazard reduction?
Reduces purchased stored and discarded quantities
86
What are methods for hazardous chemical waste disposal?
Drain disposal (with treatment facilities) hauler
87
When is drain disposal permissible for chemicals?
Only with specific hospital water treatment facilities
88
What is a hauler?
Private company authorized to collect hazardous/infectious waste
89
What are key components of effective laboratory ventilation systems?
Heating/cooling negative pressure differential appropriate exhaust devices
90
What is the minimum recommended air changes per hour (ACH) for labs?
6-12 ACH (optimal 8-12 for contaminant clearance)
91
How does distributed exhaust configuration improve ventilation?
Reduces contaminant spread and exposure risks (lower Spread Index)
92
What is Spread Index (SI) in ventilation analysis?
Lab volume percentage with unacceptable contaminant levels
93
What is Purge Time (PT) in ventilation analysis?
Time to reduce contaminants to acceptable levels post-spill
94
What negative pressure differential prevents lab contamination?
Exhaust exceeding supply air to contain vapors within lab
95
What devices capture contaminants at the source?
Fume hoods glove boxes downdraft tables flexible exhaust ducts
96
Why are clean benches unsuitable for hazardous materials?
Designed for cleanliness not chemical containment
97
What factors determine lab ventilation effectiveness?
Air change rates exhaust locations contaminant release points airflow patterns
