7.2- STAINING C-D Flashcards
1
Q
onnective tissue constitutes what within the various organs?
A
a non-living framework
2
Q
What do connective tissues do?
A
support
3
Q
What are the groups that connective tissues are divided into?
A
connective tissue proper
4
Q
What are the types of loose connective tissue proper?
A
areolar
5
Q
What are the types of dense connective tissue proper?
A
regular
6
Q
What are the types of cartilage?
A
hyaline
7
Q
What cells secrete collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix?
A
fibroblasts
8
Q
What cells are mesenchymal cells which store fat?
A
adipocytes
9
Q
What cells have immune function and participate in inflammation?
A
mast cells
10
Q
What does connective tissue matrix consist of?
A
ground substance and fibers stabilized by glycosaminoglycans
11
Q
What does loose connective tissue connect?
A
epithelial surfaces to underlying structures
12
Q
What does loose connective tissue permit?
A
free passage of nutrients
13
Q
What does loose connective tissue appear as?
A
a loose network of numerous bundles of collagenous fibers with some elastic and reticular fibers
14
Q
What does loose connective tissue contain?
A
basement membrane
15
Q
What is adipose tissue derived from?
A
areolar tissue
16
Q
What is adipose tissue made up of?
A
mostly fat cells surrounded by a network of reticular fibers
17
Q
What do connective-tissue cells in adipose tissue do?
A
receive glucose and fatty acids from blood and convert them to lipid
18
Q
What are reticular fibers composed of?
A
type III collagen
19
Q
How are reticular fibers distinguished?
A
by their tendency to form fine-meshed networks and to stain black with silver
20
Q
Are reticular fibers argyrophilic or argentaffin?
A
argyrophilic
21
Q
How are reticular fibers best stained?
A
silver impregnation technique
22
Q
What is dense connective tissue made up of?
A
organized dense masses of collagenous fibers and fibroblasts oriented in the same direction
23
Q
What are examples of dense connective tissue?
A
tendons
24
Q
What is cartilage?
A
a dense network of collagenous fibers in a homogenous intercellular substance of chondroitin sulfate
25
What does cartilage have?
abundant ground substance and a gel consistency
26
What are chondrocytes?
cells of cartilage
27
Where is elastic tissue found?
skin
28
What is elastic tissue composed of?
protein elastin
29
What is elastic tissue made up of?
fine
30
What is bone tissue?
mineralized connective tissue with collagen and calcium phosphate
31
What does bone tissue contain?
mostly extracellular material of mineralized calcium phosphate
32
What are osteocytes?
mature bone cells in bone
33
What do osteocytes secrete?
calcium phosphate
34
What is blood plasma?
watery matrix of blood with dissolved substances
35
What do silver impregnation techniques depend on?
local reduction and selective precipitation of silver by carbohydrate aldehyde groups of reticulin
36
What is reduced by reticulin to dark brown silver oxide?
ammoniacal solution of silver carbonate
37
What is precipitated on the fibers and then reduced to black metallic silver by formalin?
dark brown silver oxide
38
What is argentaffin?
tissue structure causes silver to be deposited without a chemical reducing agent
39
What is argyrophil?
silver deposition requires a chemical reducing agent
40
What would melanin impregnated from an ammoniacal silver solution be called?
argentaffin
41
What would reticulin using the same silver solution with dilute formalin be called?
argyrophil
42
What are the steps in the general method for reticulin impregnation?
oxidation
43
What does oxidation use and do?
permanganic acid or potassium permanganate produces binding sites on the fiber
44
What does bleaching use and do?
aqueous oxalic acid removes discoloration from permanganate
45
What does sensitization use and do?
iron alum attaches to reticulin fiber
46
What does treatment with ammoniacal silver do?
silver attaches to reticulin fibers
47
What does reduction do?
chemically reduces silver attached to tissue
48
What does wash do?
removes excess chemical
49
What does minimal portal and periportal fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C manifest as?
delicate extensions from the portal tract seen only with reticulin stain
50
What does bone marrow reticulin stain show in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia?
severe fibrosis
51
What are reticulin fibers treated with in Gomori’s Silver Impregnation Stain and why?
iron alum and potassium permanganate to sensitize areas within the fibers
52
What is silver in in Gomori's Silver Impregnation Stain?
diamine silver solution
53
What is the optimal pH for maximum uptake of silver ions?
pH 9.0
54
What does a reducing agent formalin cause?
deposition of silver as metal
55
What removes excess silver in the unprecipitated state?
sodium thiosulfate solution
56
What does oxidizing agent chromic and periodic acids produce?
aldehydes which reduce silver solutions
57
What happens to tissue in the Reticulin Stain Gordon and Sweets’ Method?
oxidized by potassium permanganate to enhance reticulin staining
58
What is removed by oxalic acid in Reticulin Stain Gordon and Sweets’ Method?
excess permanganate
59
What serves as a sensitizer and is replaced by silver solution in Reticulin Stain Gordon and Sweets’ Method?
iron alum
60
What happens in Reticulin Stain Gordon and Sweets’ Method?
silver is deposited on reticulin fibers which appear black after reduction
61
Where is collagen found?
ligaments
62
How do collagen fibers stain on silver impregnation?
yellow
63
How do collagen fibers stain with van Gieson's stain?
red
64
What is Van Gieson’s Stain?
mixture of picric acid and acid fuchsin
65
What fixative is used for Van Gieson’s Stain?
mercuric chloride fixative
66
What color do nuclei stain in Van Gieson’s Stain?
brownish black to black
67
What color does collagen stain in Van Gieson’s Stain?
pink or deep red
68
What color do muscle
cytoplasm
69
What does Masson’s Trichrome Stain consist of?
iron hematoxylin stains nuclei black
70
What fixatives are used for Masson’s Trichrome Stain?
Zenker
71
What color do muscle
RBC
72
What color do nuclei stain in Masson’s Trichrome Stain?
blue-black
73
What color do collagen and mucus stain in Masson’s Trichrome Stain?
blue
74
What is Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome Stain?
one-step method with chromotrope 2R and a connective tissue fiber stain in phosphotungstic acid with glacial acetic acid
75
What fixative is used for Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome Stain?
Bouin’s Solution preheated
76
What color do muscle fibers stain in Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome Stain?
red
77
What color does collagen stain in Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome Stain?
green
78
What color do nuclei stain in Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome Stain?
blue to green
79
What are acidic mucosubstances stained by in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Alcian blue
80
What does alkaline alcohol solution do in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Converts the alcian blue to monastral fast blue
81
What is used to stain the elastic fibers in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Iron hematoxylin differentiated with ferric chloride
82
What removes any residual iodine in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Sodium thiosulfate
83
What do Crocein scarlet and acid fuchsin do in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
They stain muscle
84
What does phosphotungstic acid differentiation do in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Removes stain from collagen and ground substance
85
What counterstains collagen in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Alcoholic safran
86
What color do Nuclei and elastic fibers stain in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Black
87
What color does Collagen stain in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Yellow
88
What color do Ground substance and mucin stain in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Blue
89
What color do Fibrinoid
fibrin stain in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
90
What color does Muscle stain in Russell’s modification of the Movat pentachrome stain?
Red
91
What is Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain used for?
To differentiate acidophilic extracellular fibers from acidophilic cytoplasm
92
What are the basic ingredients of Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain?
Acid fuchsin
93
What fixative is used for Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain?
Zenker’s
94
What color do Nuclei
fibrin
95
What color does Collagen stain in Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain?
Blue
96
What color do Cartilage
bone
97
What color do Blood
myelin stain in Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain?
98
What color do Elastic fibers stain in Mallory’s Aniline Blue Stain?
Pale pink
99
What is Azocarmine Stain?
Heidenhain's modification of Mallory's aniline blue stain
100
What does Azocarmine Stain show?
Minute details of connective tissue and renal glomerular basement membrane
101
What color do Amyloid connective tissues and mucous colloid stain in Azocarmine Stain?
Deep blue
102
What color do Nuclei stain in Azocarmine Stain?
Red
103
What color does Elastic tissue give in ultraviolet light?
Yellowish fluorescence
104
What happens to elastic fibers in the presence of ferric salts oxidizers?
They stain with basic fuchsin with or without resorcin
105
What stains elastic fibers selectively from acidic solutions?
The weak acid orcein
106
What is Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain stained with?
Weigert's stain basic fuchsin
107
What is Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain differentiated with?
Acid-alcohol
108
What is Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain counterstained with?
Neutral red
109
What fixations are used for Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain?
Formalin or alcohol
110
What color do Elastic fibers stain in Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain?
Brown to purple or with blue-black with methyl violet on a clear background
111
What happens in Van Gieson Stain?
Tissue is overstained with a soluble lake of hematoxylin ferric chloride-iodine
112
What has the strongest affinity for the iron-hematoxylin complex in Van Gieson Stain?
Elastic tissue
113
What is used as a counterstain in Van Gieson Stain?
Van Gieson solution
114
What fixative is used for Van Gieson Stain?
10% NBF
115
What color do Nuclei stain in Van Gieson Stain?
Brown - black
116
What color does Collagen stain in Van Gieson Stain?
Red
117
What color do Muscle
RBCs
118
What is done in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Overstaining
119
What is used for Differentiation in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Excess ferric chloride mordant
120
What removes excess iodine in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Sodium thiosulfate
121
What is used as a counterstain in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Van Gieson
122
What color do Elastic fibers stain in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Black
123
What color do Nuclei stain in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Gray to black
124
What color does Collagen stain in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Red
125
What color do Cytoplasm and muscle stain in Verhoeff’s Elastic Method?
Yellow
126
What is Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin Stain?
Hydrochloric acid and paraldehyde added to an alcoholic solution of basic fuchsin
127
What fixative is used for Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin Stain?
10% NBF
128
What color do Elastic fibers stain in Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin Stain?
Deep blue to purple
129
What color do Other tissue elements stain in Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin Stain?
Green
130
What does Luna Staining Method identify?
Elastic fibers and mast cells on formalin-fixed
131
What will be stained purple in Luna Staining Method?
Elastic fibers and mast cells
132
What will be stained black in Luna Staining Method?
The nuclei
133
What will the background be stained in Luna Staining Method?
Yellow
134
What is Taenzer-Unna Orcein Method?
Naturally occurring vegetable dye
135
What is Taenzer-Unna Orcein Method used in?
Dermatology
136
What is Tissue stained with in Taenzer-Unna Orcein Method?
Orcein
137
What color do Elastic fibers stain in Taenzer-Unna Orcein Method?
Dark-brown
138
What color do nuclei stain in Taenzer-Unna Orcein Method?
Blue
139
What is basement membrane?
Resilient matrix of carbohydrate complexes
140
How is basement membrane demonstrated?
With silver stain and Periodic Acid-Sciff
141
What does Jones’ Impregnation Technoque use?
Oxidation of carbohydrates within the tissue
142
What do Aldehydes do in Jones’ Impregnation Technoque?
Reduce silver solution
143
Is Jones’ Impregnation Technoque specific for basement membranes?
No
144
What will Jones’ Impregnation Technoque demonstrate?
Any carbohydrates which can be oxidised to aldehydes
145
What fixatives are used in Jones’ Impregnation Technoque?
Alcoholic Bouin’s
146
What color do Basement membranes stain in Jones’ Impregnation Technoque?
Black
147
What color do Nuclei stain in Jones’ Impregnation Technoque?
Blue
148
What color is the background in Jones’ Impregnation Technoque?
Pink
149
What Pathologic Changes and Deposits are Found in Connective Tissues?
Fibrin
150
What is Fibrin?
Insoluble fibrillar protein from fibrinogen in blood plasma
151
What is the primary function of Fibrin?
To stop bleeding
152
Is Fibrin acidophil or basophil?
Acidophil
153
What color is Fibrin in H & E?
Pink
154
What color is Fibrin in Mallory's Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH?
Blue-black
155
What color is Fibrin in Picro-Mallory method?
Red
156
What is Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
157
What is Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
158
What are used in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
159
What fixative is used for Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
160
What color do Nuclei stain in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
161
What color do Erythrocytes stain in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
162
What color does Muscle stain in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
163
What color does Collagen stain in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
164
What color does Fibrin stain in Lendrum’s Martius
Scarlet and Blue MSB Stain?
165
What is Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH Method?
Polychrome stain
166
What is 1% aqueous phosphotungstic acid used for in Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH Method?
Mordant binds hematein and stains tissue components blue
167
What can hematoxylin be oxidized chemically by?
Potassium permanganate solution
168
What fixative is used for Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH Method?
Zenkers
169
What color do Fibrin
muscle striations
170
What color do Nuclei
cilia
171
What color does Myelin stain in Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH Method?
Lighter blue
172
What color do Collagen
osteoid cartilage
173
What color does Cytoplasm stain in Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin PTAH Method?
Pale pinkish brown
174
What is Fibrinoid?
Hyaline material resembling fibrin
175
What is Fibrinoid?
Mixture of exudate and altered cytoplasmic constituents
176
What is Fibrinoid necrosis?
Accumulation of amorphous proteinaceous material in the tissue matrix
177
What are deposited in the walls of arteries in Fibrinoid necrosis?
Complexes of antigens and antibodies
178
What is Hyaline?
Smooth homogenous and acellular eosinophilic proteinaceous material
