1. REV Q Flashcards
What are the two principal types of grapes?
Black grapes and white grapes
What do black grape skins contain?
Tannins and colour
What does grape pulp contain?
The grape juice contains sugar, acid and water
What effect do tannins have on mouthfeel?
It makes your mouth feel dry
What are the two things needed for alcoholic fermentation to take place?
Sugar and yeast
What are the two products of alcoholic fermentation?
Alcohol and carbon dioxide
What is the definition of yeast?
Yeast are micro-organisms that eat sugar and transform this into alcohol and carbon dioxide gas.
How is the level of alcohol in a wine usually measured?
In alcohol by volume (abv) and expressed in a percentage.
What are the three main stages of grape growing?
- Flowering
- Flowers become grapes
- Grapes are ripening
What are three characteristics of cool climate regions?
- Lower temperatures
- Grapes can struggle to ripen in some years
- Weaker sunlight
Are Germany and Northern France cool or warm climate regions?
Cool climate regions
Which type of grape is commonly grown in cool climate regions?
White grapes
What effect does a cooler climate have on the grapes?
- Lower sugar levels
- Higher acid levels
What are three characteristics of warm climate regions?
- More sunlight
- Higher temperatures
- Grapes ripen consistently
Are South Africa and Southern France cool or warm climate regions?
Warm climate regions
Which type of grape is commonly grown in warm climate regions?
Black grapes
What effect does a warmes climate have on the grapes?
- Higher sugar levels
- Lower acidity levels
What types of grapes can be used to make red and rosé wines?
Only black grapes
What grapes can be used to make white wines?
Both black and white grapes
Why is it possible to make white wine with black grapes?
The skin gives red wine the colour but the pulp remains the same colour so if you carefully press black grapes you can use the juice for white wine.
What are the stages of white wine production?
- Crushing
- Pressing
- Fermentation
- Maturation
- Bottling
What are the satges of red wine production?
- Crushing
- Fermentation
- Draining
- Pressing
- Maturation
- Bottling
What are the stages of rosé wine production?
- Crushing
- Fermentation
- Draining
- Maturation
- Bottling
What are the key differences between red wine and rosé wine production?
For rosé wines juice is drained from the skins after a couple of hours of fermenting with them. After removing the skins, it finishes fermentation without the skins.
For red wines, juice is drained off the skins after fermentation is finished
