1. Recognition seriously ill child

Question 1

When do foetuses start making breathing movements of the lung and why?

Answer 1

Around 20 wks- otherwise lungs would become hypoplastic and wouldn’t develop normally

Question 2

Most common cause of apnoea at 6wks of age and two other causes?

Answer 2

Bronchiolitis, others = sepsis, pertussis

Question 3

Normal breathing values for years

Answer 3

0-3mths: 30-60
4-12 mths: 30-40
1-4 yrs: 20
5+: 16

Question 4

8 causes of tachypnoea

Answer 4

fever, asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, acidosis, anaemia, cardiac failure, CNS pathology

Question 5

3 causes of bradycardia in child

Answer 5

hypoxia, bradyarrythmia, drugs

Question 6

11 causes of tachycardia

Answer 6

hypovolemia, anaemia, hypoxia, arrythmia, cardiac failure, seizures, hypercarbia, drugs, fever, pain, anxiety

Question 7

What happens to pulse pressure as blood volume is lost? Why?

Answer 7

it narrows- due to vasoconstriction and tachycardia

Question 8

preload cause of hypotension

Answer 8

hypovolemia

Question 9

afterload causes of hypotension

Answer 9

sepsis, anaphylaxis

Question 10

pump failure causes of hypotension (4)

Answer 10

tachyarrhythmia, myocarditis, tamponade, coronary heart disease

Question 11

Child presents vomiting and fever 24hrs
- unresposnive to touch/with eyes/to voice
- lips dry and cracked
- limp
- resp rate 24 
differential diagnoses?

Answer 11

• sepsis
• dehydration
• meningitis

Question 12

tachypnoea with expiratory wheeze - 3 causes

Answer 12

asthma, bronchiolitis, anaphylaxis

Question 13

inspiratory stridor causes?

Answer 13

foreign body, croup, anaphylaxis

Question 14

quiet deep effortless tachypnoea?

Answer 14

DKA
severe sepsis
dehydration with metabolic acidosis