Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 1 > 1: Peds Epilepsy > Flashcards

1: Peds Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Epilepsy syndrome found in neonates that has recurrent seizures and usually ends in 1 to 4 months.

A

Benign familial neonatal seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treatment for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

A 
Well controlled with broad-spectrum:
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam
Clonazepam
Life-long disorder that must be treated indefinitely.
Good prognosis of normal cognition.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the spasms in West’s syndrome.

A

Sudden, rapid, tonic contraction of trunk and limbs. Intensity can vary from subtle head nodding to powerful body contraction. Can occur in clusters of several dozen separated by a few seconds. Often occurs during sleep/wake transition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the general treatment options for pediatric epilepsy (3)?

A

Antiseizure meds
Surgery
Ketogenic diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This infantile epilepsy is a severe myoclonic form with febrile seizures. It can have status epilepticus and lead to developmental delay.

A

Dravet syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Family history of seizures (from any etiology) increases risk for febrile seizures following _____ vaccination.

A

Family history of seizures (from any etiology) increases risk for febrile seizures following MMRV vaccination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the triad in Aicardi’s syndrome?

A

Infantile spasms
Agenesis of corpus callosum
Retinal malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the concern with repeated or prolonged febrile seizures?

A

Serious underlying cause like bacterial meningitis or encephalitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Criteria for febrile seizures (5).

A

Seizure + temperature greater than 38°C
Younger than 6
No central nervous system infection or inflammation
No acute systemic metabolic abnormality that may produce convulsions
No previous history of afebrile seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ohtahara syndrome can develop into what?

A

West’s syndrome

Lennox-Gestaut syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between an anatomical and a functional hemispherectomy?

A

Anatomical: complete removal of one hemisphere.
Functional: disconnection of hemisphere. Some tissue left intact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long should the ketogenic diet be followed?

A

Not more than two years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patient is typically a healthy young teenager with one or more of the following seizures:
Absence seizures
Myoclonic jerks
Generalized convulsions

A

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Those with West’s syndrome have a poor prognosis. Idiopathic do better than symptomatic. What can develop in those with symptomatic disease (3)?

A

Severe mental retardation (70%)
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (18-50%)
Autism spectrum disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for reflex epilepsy?

A

Avoidance of the trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F Viral/bacterial illness may precipitate fever and cause seizure.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What two medications should be prescribed with a ketogenic diet?

A

Calcium

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs to look for: eye fluttering, eyes rolling upward, lip smacking, and autonomic symptoms (e.g., flushing or tachycardia).

A

Childhood absence epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This epilepsy syndrome occurs in juveniles and adults. It is triggered by a specific stimuli, such as emotions or sounds.

A

Reflex epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This epilepsy has acquired aphasia (word deafness).

A

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the peak incidence of childhood absence epilepsy?

A

6 to 7 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Early myoclonic encephalopathy in neonates can become what after several months?

A

West’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (4).

A
  1. No drug has been very effective. Rufinamide (Banzel) and Clobazam (Onfi) used. Can use Valproic acid and Lamotrigine.
  2. Ketogenic diet
  3. Corpus callosotomy
  4. Vagal nerve stimulator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

West’s syndrome is often symptomatic. Name examples.

A

The structural underlying cause can be a prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal disorder. Such as microcephaly, severe hydrocephalus, or encephalitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A continuous multifocal spike and slow waves with high amplitude.

A

Hypsarrhythmia

26
Q

Surgery for atonic seizures.

A

Corpus callosotomy. Involves disconnecting the anterior 2/3 of corpus callosum. Works better on children than adults.

27
Q

The earliest onset age-related epileptic encephalopathy in neonates. Onset is often within the first 10 days to three months of life.

A

Ohtahara syndrome

28
Q

2 types of febrile seizures.

A

Simple

Complex

29
Q

What can worsen drop attacks in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

A

Carbamazepine

30
Q

If a child has a family hx of any type of seizure, how should they receive the MMRV vaccine?

A

They should receive the MMR and the varicella, not the combination MMRV.

31
Q

T/F Febrile seizures should be treated with a short course of antiseizure meds.

A

False. Only slightly increased risk for epilepsy later in life.

32
Q

What is the treatment for childhood absence epilepsy?

A

Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Ethosuximide (older peds patients)

33
Q

This neonatal form of epilepsy has focal seizures with EEG changes. Etiology is unknown and it has a poor prognosis. It often leads to severe epilepsy.

A

Migrating partial seizures of infancy

34
Q

Causes of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (5).

A 
Genetic disorders
Neurocutaneous syndromes (tuberous sclerosis)
Encephalopathies
Meningitis
Head injuries
35
Q

Which hemispherectomy has the risk of complications from hydrocephalus?

A

Anatomical and functional

36
Q

When do seizures disappear in West’s syndrome?

A

Usually by 4 to 5 years old

37
Q

This epilepsy is often misdiagnosed as ADHD.

A

Childhood absence epilepsy

38
Q

This medication is more commonly used in pediatrics than adults. There is a 30% risk of irreversible visual field constriction. Patients need visual field testing q six months.

A

Vigabatrin

39
Q

T/F About 58% of children are seizure-free 5 years after hemispherectomy.

A

True

40
Q

Simple febrile seizures are more common. Describe them.

A

Duration less than 15 minutes.
No focal features.
If in a series, shorter than 30 minutes.

41
Q

How fast is the clinical response to ketogenic diet?

A

Usually within a few weeks.

42
Q

Cortical resection has a higher success rate when?

A

Removing a single lesion

43
Q

What is unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis?

A

Shriveling/hardening of the hippocampus d/t prolonged seizures.

44
Q

T/F Antipyretics can help prevent febrile seizures.

A

False

45
Q

The most common type of epilepsy in children.

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy

46
Q

What are the complications of a hemispherectomy?

A

Aseptic meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Blood loss
Hemorrhage

47
Q

What age do febrile seizures occur?

A

6 months - 5 years

Peak incidence of 19-20 months

48
Q

What is the triad in West’s syndrome?

A

Infantile spasms
Interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern termed hypsarrhythmia
Mental retardation

49
Q

What is the ketogenic diet?

A

4:1
Fat:Protein/Carbs
Persistant ketosis has antiseizure effect.

50
Q

This epilepsy occurs at ages 3 to 7 and can be gradual or sudden onset. It affects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas of the brain.

A

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

51
Q

Side effects of the ketogenic diet (6).

A 
Dehydration
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea/Constipation
Metabolic Acidosis
Osteopenia
52
Q

T/F Childhood absence epilepsy occurs more frequently in girls and is usually in developmentally normal children.

A

True

53
Q

When does West’s syndrome usually appear?

A

First year of life

54
Q

Children may become seizure-free (33–80%).

Some go on to develop generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures (40%).

A

Childhood absence epilepsy

55
Q

When might a patient need a hemispherectomy?

A

When the hemisphere is severely diseased. Patients are often having 30 to 50 seizures a day.

56
Q

What is the treatment for West’s syndrome?

A

Goal is to improve quality of life.
Common medications:ACTH, Vigabatrin, Vitamin B6, Prednisone
Ketogenic diet
Potential surgery depending on cause

57
Q

Describe complex febrile seizures.

A

Duration longer than 15 minutes.
Can have focal signs or postictal paresis.
If in a series, longer than 30 minutes.

58
Q

An ill-defined syndrome that is associated with severe seizures in childhood. Can be tonic-clonic, absence, or myoclonic. Mental retardation or regression. Neurodevelopment normal until first seizure.

A

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

59
Q

What are the age brackets for benign rolandic epilepsy?

A

Usually starts between ages 3 to 13.
Peak ages 8 to 9.
Usually ends ages 14 to 18.

60
Q

What type of epilepsy responds best to surgery?

A

Localized

61
Q

T/F Immunizations do not cause febrile seizures.

A

False. Rarely they can.

62
Q

EEG can be normal, but may have interictal spike (typically at 3–4 Hz) and wave discharges

A

Childhood absence epilepsy

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 1 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions