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Simmons NURP 503 Exam 1 > 1: Epilepsy > Flashcards

1: Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Why might a tonic-clonic seizure begin with a cry?

A

It is the result air moving across the glottis from sudden tonic muscle contraction.

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2
Q

In this type of seizure there is a loss of consciousness.

A

Complex partial

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3
Q

Another name for this type of seizure is grand mal.

A

Tonic–clonic

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4
Q

Which seizure?
Typically begin in childhood. Often noticed first by teachers. The patient may or may not be aware that a seizure has occurred.

A

Absence

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5
Q

Abnormal focal or generalized neuronal discharge, often with physical manifestations.

A

Seizure

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6
Q

Is epilepsy more common in males or females?

A

Males

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7
Q

In this type of seizure only one part of the brain is seizing, though it can spread to involve the entire brain.

A

Partial

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8
Q

Seizures occur when neurons discharge _____ and _____.

A

Seizures occur when neurons discharge spontaneously and synchronously.

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9
Q

What type of seizure?

Patients may need to wear protective headgear.

A

Atonic

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10
Q

In this type of seizure the entire brain is seizing at the same time. It may or may not be convulsive.

A

Generalized

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11
Q

What type of seizure?

Most dramatic and most common generalized epilepsy.

A

Tonic-clonic

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12
Q

Common causes of seizures in adults over the age of 35 (5).

A

Cerebrovascular Disease
Brain Tumors
Alcohol Withdrawal
Metabolic Disorders (electrolyte disturbances)
Idiopathic Epilepsy (usually develops in those younger than 35).

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13
Q

What type of seizure?

Most likely to cause an injury.

A

Atonic

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14
Q

What type of seizure?

Loss of consciousness may occur, but it is difficult to tell due to the extremely brief duration.

A

Myoclonic

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15
Q

This type of seizure has stiffening and jerking.

A

Tonic-clonic
Tonic (stiffening)
Clonic (jerking)

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16
Q

What type of seizure?

May seem alert and responsive but are actually not. May pick at clothing or smack lips.

A

Complex partial

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17
Q

Common causes of seizures in young adults 18 to 35 years old (5).

A 
Trauma
Alcohol Withdrawal
Illicit Drug Use
Brain Tumors
Idiopathic Epilepsy
(Same as 12-18 yo, just no infections)
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18
Q

Stages of seizures:

During the seizure.

A

Ictal

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of adult epilepsy in developING countries?

A

Neurocysticercosis (parasitic dz)

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20
Q

T/F Most epilepsy is idiopathic.

A

True for children. In childhood most epilepsy is idiopathic.

False for adults. In adults most are secondary to identifiable causes.

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21
Q

What auras can happen with simple partial seizures (4)?

A

Deja vu
Abdominal sensations
Metallic taste in mouth
Tingling in various areas

22
Q

Epilepsy that is suspected to be symptomatic but no lesion is present on MRI.

A

Cryptogenic Epilepsy

23
Q

In this type of seizure consciousness is maintained.

A

Simple partial

24
Q

What type of seizure?

Associated with hypothalamic hamartoma.

A

Gelastic (type of simple partial)

25
Q

This type of seizure has a loss of muscle tone. It can involve drop attacks.

A

Atonic

26
Q

What is the most common cause of adult epilepsy in developED countries?

A

Stroke

27
Q

Stages of seizures:

Before the seizure.

A

Preictal

28
Q

Is epilepsy more common with an embolic stroke or a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Embolic stroke

29
Q

When do myoclonic seizures most commonly occur?

A

Just after awakening in the morning or from a nap

30
Q

This type of seizure has twitching or jerking.

A

Myoclonic

31
Q

What type of seizure?

Will be nonsensical while engaged in conversation.

A

Complex partial

32
Q

Epilepsy with an identifiable cause.

A

Symptomatic Epilepsy

33
Q

Which seizure has no postictal period?

A

Absence

34
Q

Why might you have convulsive movements with syncope?

A

Due to sustained decreased cerebral perfusion. This is especially true if the patient remains upright after losing consciousness.

35
Q

This type of seizure has a brief lapse of consciousness.

A

Absence (petit mal)

36
Q

During what seizure stage might a patient become psychotic or agitated?

A

Postictal (after)

37
Q

What type of seizure?

Brief episodes of sudden motor contraction that often has flexion of upper extremities that appears as a muscle.

A

Myoclonic

38
Q

T/F Rhythmic jerking during the clonic phase slows down as the seizure comes to an end.

A

True

39
Q

Prevalence of epilepsy is much higher in _____ countries for all age groups.

A

Prevalence of epilepsy is much higher in less developed countries for all age groups.

40
Q

Common causes of seizures in children 12-18 years old. (6)

A 
Trauma
Genetic disorders
Infections
Brain tumors
Illicit drug use
Idiopathic Epilepsy
41
Q

What type of seizure?

Burst of uncontrollable laughter not associated with anything funny.

A

Gelastic

42
Q 
Is this a general or partial seizure?
Tonic-clonic
Complex
Absence
Simple
Myoclonic
Atonic
A 
Tonic-clonic: General
Complex: Partial
Absence: General
Simple: Partial
Myoclonic: General
Atonic: General
43
Q

Common causes of seizures in children up to 12 months old (5).

A 
Febrile seizures
CNS infx
Trauma
Genetic disorders
Idiopathic epilepsy
44
Q

Epilepsy with an unknown cause.

A

Idiopathic Epilepsy

45
Q

Stages of seizures:

After the seizure.

A

Postictal

46
Q

Infantile spasms are an example of what type of epilepsy?

A

Cryptogenic

47
Q

During what seizure stage might a patient have behavioral changes?

A

Preictal (before)

48
Q

Common causes of seizures in neonates (<1 month old) (7).

A

Perinatal hypoxia and ischemia
Intracranial hemorrhage and trauma
Acute CNS infection; e.g., meningitis or encephalitis
Metabolic disturbances; e.g., hypoglycemia or hypocalcemia
Drug withdrawal
Developmental disorders
Genetic disorders

49
Q

Stages of seizures:

Between seizures.

A

Interictal

50
Q

What are the two classifications of seizures?

A

Generalized

Partial

51
Q

When is epilepsy diagnosed?

A

After 2 or more unprovoked seizures.

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 1 (34 decks)

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