1- Pathetique - Beethoven Flashcards

1
Q

Beethoven Context

A

Virtuosic pianist
Sonata
Written between 1796 and 1799
Pathetique - meaning moving or emotional
Classical period
Showed early signed of Romantic style

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2
Q

Sonata Definition

A

is a piece for solo instruments and contains three or four movements, each with different tempo.

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3
Q

Melody in Beethoven

A

Intro melody - a short six note motif (used as a basis for most of the intro) sometimes heated with 5 notes or second last note rising instead of falling.
Scalic Passages
Descending chromatic scale (end of intro)
Ascending scale (bar 11) on the tonic key of C minor with major thirds
Augmented second from A b to B
Arpeggios
Broken chords (bar 29)
Ornaments - acciaccaturas bar 53, Mordents, trills (before recapitulation)
Sequences (in development)

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4
Q

Pathetique defintion

A

Moving or emotional

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5
Q

Classical period

A

1750 - 1820

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6
Q

Romantic Period

A

1810 - 1900

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7
Q

Upper Mordents defintion

A

main note, the note above the note then main note again, played quickly.

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8
Q

Sequence Definition

A

The repetition of a melodic phrase at a higher or lower pitch than the original.

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9
Q

Acciaccatura definition

A

A crushed note, played as quickly as possible

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10
Q

Articulation Beethoven

A

Rising tremolos bar 38
Staccato note bar 39
Upper mordent bar 73
Acciaccatura bar 53
Stacatisimo bar 207

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11
Q

Dynamics Beethoven

A

Pianoforte creates all kind of dynamics
Frequent crescendos
Diminuendos
Sforzando
Staccato
Legato

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12
Q

Sforzando (sf) Defintion

A

Suddenly loud accents

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13
Q

Pianoforte Definition

A

Getting louder than immediately soft

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14
Q

Texture Beethoven

A

Homophonic
intro - homophonic chordal
Right hand plays in octavos (bar 5)
descending monophonic (leading into recapitulation)
- second subject material features melody and accompaniment style
two-part music with broken chords (bar 93)
thirds where the trills (bar 181-187)

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15
Q

Staccato Definition

A

Playing in a detached fashion

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16
Q

Legato Definition

A

Playing in a smooth fashion

17
Q

Homophonic Defintion

A

Chordal or accompaniment and solo

18
Q

Structure Beethoven

A

Sonata form
Exposition. section containing the two main subjects, the first in the tonic (main home key), the second in the dominant or other related key. (then repeated)

Followed by development - modulation

Recapitulation restates the exposition but with both subjects now mainly in the tonic key.

Then Coda

19
Q

Sonata form Defintion

A

A larger scale form invented in the classical period
Exposition, development, recapitulation

20
Q

Intro Beethoven

A

bar 1-10
grave tempo
six-note motif
homophonic texture
rapid scalic flourishes
ends with a long descending chromatic scale.
key of C minor, modulating briefly to the relative major key of E♭.
constant dynamic contrast - use of fortepiano and sf

21
Q

Grave meaning

A

slow tempo

22
Q

Exposition Beethoven 1st subject

A

Bar 11-50
Allegro di molto e con brio
C minor
rises mainly scalically a distance of two octaves -– over a tonic pedal in the bass
staccato
Sf
Descending arpeggios
Sequences (bar35)
Modulated to Eb major through dominant preparation

23
Q

Allegro di molto e con brio meaning

A

very fast and with vigour

24
Q

Exposition Second subject

A

bar 51-132
beings Eb minor
Acciaccatura and hand crossing technique
Stepwise descending phase with mordents
new theme bar 89 - relative major of Eb, broken chord texture, crescendo, contrary motion
New theme - bar 113, Scalic melody, Eb major, Codetta
then whole exposition repeated

25
Q

Development Beethoven

A

bar 133- 194
4 bars of intro, dominant key of G minor
Allegro introduced the main first subject theme in unrelated key of E minor, fragmented theme continues from bar 149, Dominant note G played rapid alternating octaves in the bass as a pedal (bar 167)
Trill pages leads to descending monophonic quaver passage

26
Q

Recapitulation Beethoven

A

bar 195- 294
repeats the music of exposition but laters the key
starts on subdominant F minor (bar 221) before moving to tonic key
Finished with two fortissimo diminished seventh chords

27
Q

Coda Beethoven

A

Bar 295 to end
Four bars of intro with silence on first beat
leads to 12 bart allegro with first subject theme
Fortissimo ending perfect cadence (using dominant seventh) in the tonic key

28
Q

Harmony Beethoven

A

many chromatic chords
diminished seventh (bar 1)
perfect cadences
interrupted cadence (in intro bar 9)
Circle of fifths bars 244 - 249
augmented 6th chords, e.g. bars 30 and 34.

29
Q

Instruments Beethoven

A

fortepiano
sustained pedal

30
Q

Rhythm, tempo, metre

A

introduction is marked grave
common time - time signature 4/4
Dotted rhythm (bar 1)
septuplets and 1/128th notes in bar 10.
Main allegro di molto e con brio (very fast with vigour) section is in alla breve time (or
cut time) – a fast two in the bar.
Continuous quavers
Staccato crotchets

31
Q

Tonality Beethoven

A

C minor
Modulated a lot, Eb major, F minor
modulated to unrelated keys e.g. E minor (beginning of development section)